| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Enlightenment | historic movement when educated Europeans saw reason as the key to human progress |
| Scientific Revolution | historic movement when science emerged as a way to gain knowledge about the natural world and transformed the way people thought about the world |
| rationalism | belief in reason and logic as a primary source of knowledge |
| hypothesis | an idea or assumption to be tested in an experiment |
| reason | comprehending or thinking in an orderly way |
| natural rights | rights that belong to people "by nature" because they're human |
| oppression | cruel or unjust treatment |
| capital punishment | the death penalty |
| benevolent | kind; having people's best interests at heart |
| geocentric | theory that the sun and planets travel around the earth |
| heliocentric | theory that the earth and planets travel around the sun |
| Isaac Newton | developed a law of gravity |
| Galileo | improved and used the telescope to confirm Copernicus' theory |
| John Locke | believed government should protect people's natural rights like life, liberty, and property |
| Baron de Montesquieu | believed in a separation of powers in government |
| Voltaire | believed in freedom of speech and religious tolerance |
| Cesare Beccaria | believed that punishments should fit the crime, in fair and speedy trials, & that capital punishment should be abolished |
| Thomas Hobbes | believed people were too selfish and greedy to govern themselves |
| American Revolution | it was greatly influenced by the Enlightenment |
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