Chapter 5 :Roman Republic Terms
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Created by:
laurenwood7 on January 17, 2012
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Fasces | an axe surrounded by an bundle of rods tied with a red thong; symbol of the power to rule |
| decemviri | due to plebian pressure, a special commission of 10 officials was created; task of regularizing and publishing the laws; this action resulted in publication of 12 tables of law |
| The Twelve Tables | included: legal procedures for going to court; provisions on family, women, and divorce; regulations concerning private property; rules governing relationships and injuries to others; provisions prohibiting intermarriage between patricians and plebians |
| Carthage | founded in 800bc by the Phoenicians, commanding Mediterranean trade routes, important commercial center, governed by 2 judges, strong military state, largest/richest state |
| pontiff | college of priests established by Romans; created to accurately perform rituals |
| Pontifex Maximus | head of pontiffs; powerful figure who controlled the state religion, performed all public religious acts, in charge of divine law |
| augurs | interpret the auspices-signs or warnings that the gods gave to men through such a phenomena as unusual changes in weather, etc; had the highest and most important authority in the state; consulted before every important act of state |
| grammaticus | ran the secondary school, grammarian; taught dialectic (logic), math, geometry, astronomy, music; usually educated slaves or freedman |
| Spartacus | led most famous rebellion/revolt in Italian peninsula in 73bc; Thracian gladiator; managed to defeat several Roman armies but he was finally trapped/killed in 71bc in southern Italy |
| cum manu | "with legal control", women married passing from father to husband; by med1st century, practice changed to sine manu |
| sine manu | "without legal control" married daughters officially remained within father's legal power |
| Plautus | 254-184bc; Greek New Comedy-costumes/masks; love, young love, forbidden love; drunkenness, gluttony, womanizing |
| Terence | second playwright of distinction; 185-159; born in Carthage; Greek New Comedy; 6 plays for roman aristocracy |
| mos maiorum | customs or traditions of the ancestors; Romans were concerned about maintaining maiorum; Romans emphasized parental authority and above all; obligations to state |
| pietas | highest virtue; the dutiful execution of one's obligations to one's fellow citizens, the the gods, and to the state |
| Cato the Elder | conservative Roman official; spoke against repeal and women favoring it; 234-149bc; Roman praetor, consul, censor in 184, scorned "greeklings", made a decree to force all Greek philosophers to Rome |
| novus homo | new man; when a new man did win consulship, he and his descendants became members of a select oligarchy |
| First Triumvirate | Caesar, Pompey, Crassus; 2 were consuls for a set time, then rotate and so on; Crassus died in war-Pompey vs Caesar, Caesar kills Pompey |
| Second Triumvirate | Antony, Octavian, Marcus Lepides; Cicero killed; 45 bc; Antony vs Octavian |
| Cleopatra VII | Caesar's wife; Egyptian Queen; Antony abandoned Octavia for her (C VII); "whore of the east"; committed suicide with Antony |
| Catullus | great Roman poet of 1st century (ad); grew up in North Italia-came to Rome; master at adapting Greek forms of poetry to express emotions-love, death, politics, social customs |
| Lucretius | 94-55bc, Roman poet of late Republic; expounds philosophers in form of poetry; attempted to set out and advertise Epicureanism |
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