1.
a double bond uses ____ hybridization: sp2
2.
a nonpolar covalent bond forms if the difference in EN between bonded atoms is: <0.5
3.
alcohols are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary depending on the number of ____ atoms bonded to the the carbon bearing the ____ group: carbon
OH
4.
alcohols contain an -____ group bonded to a _____ _____ atom: OH
tetrahedral carbon atom
5.
amines contain an ____ group: amino
6.
an atom that gains electrons becomes a ____: anion
7.
an atom that loses electrons becomes a _____: cation
8.
are all covalent bonds the same?: No
9.
can an amine be first, second, and third degree: yes
10.
carboxylic acids contain a ____ group: carboxyl
11.
connect individual contributing structures by double headed (____) arrows: resonance
12.
Describe the point breakdown.: Final 30%
EXam 1 20%
Exams 2 and 3 25%
13.
elements of the 2nd period form three types of hybrid orbitals designated:: sp3,sp2, and sp
14.
fill in the blanks:
groups bonded to carbon/orbital hybridzation/predicted bond angles/types of bonds to each carbon
4/?/?/?
3/?/?/?
2/?/?/?: sp3/109.5, 4 sigma bonds,
sp2/120/three sigma and one pi bond
sp/180/two sigma and 2 pi
15.
formaldehyde has ____ bonds and is a ___ molecule: polar ; polar
16.
how do you measure electronegativity and describe its trend on the periodic table?: pauling scale; up and right increases
17.
How many compounds have been identified and how many are each day: 10 million/1000
18.
if we are using arrows to indicate polarity, the arrowhead points toward the: negative end
19.
in a lewis dot structure what does the symbol represent and what do the dots represent: symbol: the nucleus and all inner shell electrons
dots: valence electrons
20.
In subject line what should you include for every email?: CH 310N
21.
in the ___ ____ of carbon, electrons are placed in accordance with the quantum chemistry principles that dictate the lowest energy form of carbon.: ground state
22.
in using curved arrows, there are only two allowed types of electron redistribution:: -from a bond to an adjacent atom
-from a lone pair on an atom to an adjacent bond
23.
individual lewis structures are called: contributing structures
24.
Ions will form if the difference in electronegativity between interacting atoms is ___ or greater: 1.9
25.
Is carbon a large or small atom?: small
26.
polar covalent bond forms if the difference in EN between bonded atoms is: 0.5-1.9
27.
resonance suggests that the molecule or ion is a ____ of the various contributing structures: hybrid
28.
structures in which all atoms have filled valence shells contribute ___ than those with one or more unfilled valence shells: more
29.
structures that carry a ____ charge on the more electronegative atom contribute more tha those with the negative charge on a less electronegative atom.: negative
30.
structures with a greater number of covalent bonds contribute ____than those with fewer covalent bonds: more
31.
structures with separation of ____ charges contribute less than those with no charge separation: unlike
32.
the aldehydes and ketones contain a ____ group: carbonyl (C=O)
33.
the interactions of anions and cations are often called: ionic bonds
34.
the mathematical combination fo one 2s atomic orbital and one 2p atomic orbital gives ___ equivalent ___hybrid orbitals: 2 ' sp
35.
the mathematical combination of one 2s atomic orbital and three 2p atomic orbitals forms ____ equivalent ___ hybrid orbitals: 4' sp3
36.
the mathematical combination of one 2s atomic orbital wave function and two 2p atomic orbital wave functions forms ____ equivalent ___ hybrid orbitals: 3; sp2
37.
the single electrons from each H atom combine to form an ___ ____: electron pair
38.
the six atoms of the amide functional group lie in a plane with bond angles of approximately: 120 degrees
39.
True or false, many molecules and ions are best described by writing two or more lewis structures: true
40.
what are the 3 reasons why functional groups are important: They are:
the units by which we divide organic compounds into classes
the sites of characteristic chemical reactions
the basis for naming organic compounds
41.
what are the 4 rules in regards to resonance and contributing structures?: all contributing structures must:
1. have the same number of valence electrons.
2. obey the rules of covalent bonding:
- no more than 2 electrons in the valence shell of H.
- no more than 8 electrons in the valence shell of a 2nd period element.
3. differ only in distribution of valence electrons; the position of all nuclei must be the same.
4. have the same number of paired and unpaired electrons
electrons.
42.
what are the three classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons?: alkenes, alkynes, and arenes
43.
What are the three reasons that you could request a conflict exam?: another class or lab, another evening exam, or a religious holiday
44.
what are valence electrons?: those in the valence shell of an atom
45.
what class of compounds contains an -OH group (hydroxyl): alcohols
46.
what do you call a derivative of a carboxylic acid in which the caroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a carbon group: carboxylic esters
47.
what do you call an atom or a group of atoms within a molecule that shows a characteristic set of phys/chem properties?: functional group
48.
what do you call bonds that are partially ionic or partially covalent: polar covalent bonds
49.
what do you call saturated hydrocarbons?: alkanes
50.
What do you call the following:
C4H10
CH2CH2CH2CH3
h-c-c-c-h: molecular formula
condensed molecular formula
expanded (lewis) formula
51.
what do you call the state of an electron in which the electrons have a higher energy level?: excited state
52.
what do you call this? 1s^2,2s^2,2p^2: an energy level diagram
53.
what does MO stand for: molecular orbital
54.
what electrons are used to form chemical bonds and in chemical reactions: valence electrons
55.
what is -OH: hydroxyl group
56.
what is a bonding molecular orbital?: a MO in which electrons have a lower energy than they would have in isolated atomic orbitals
57.
what is a covalent bond: a chemical bond formed by sharing electrons
58.
what is a curved arrow used to show?: the redistribution of valence electrons
59.
what is a functional group?: an atom or group of atoms within a molecule that shows a characteristic set of physical and chemical properties
60.
what is a hydrocarbon?: a compound composed only of a carbon and hydrogen
61.
what is a saturated hydrocarbon?: a hydrocarbon containing only single bonds
62.
what is a sigma bonding molecular orbital?: a MO in which electron density is concentrated between two nuclei along the axis joining them and is cylindrically symmetrical
63.
what is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?: another name for an alkane: a saturated hydrocarbon whose carbons are arranged in an open chain
64.
what is an alkane: a saturated hydrocarbon whose carbons are arranged in an open chain
65.
What is an amide?: a carboxylic amide is a derivative of a carboxylic acid in which the -HO of the -COOH group is replaced by an amine
66.
what is an amino group: and sp3 hybridized nitrogen bonded to one, two, or three carbon atoms
67.
What is an ester?: a derivative of a carboxylic acid in which the carboxyl hydrogen is replaced by a carbon group
68.
what is an example of a polar covalent bond?: H-Cl
69.
what is electronegativity: a measure of an atom's attraction for electrons it shares with another atom in a chemical bond
70.
What is highly recommended that you purchase along with textbook?: Study guide and molecular model kits.
71.
What is organic chemistry?: The study of the compounds of carbon.
72.
what is released when electrons are rearranged back from excited to ground state: energy
73.
What is the due date for requesting a conflict exam?: Friday, January 27
74.
what is the energy level diagram for carbon: 1s^2,2s^2,2p^2
75.
what is the name of the first degree amine: methylamine
76.
what is the name of the second degree amine and the name of the third: dimethylamine; trimethylamine
77.
what is the simplest covalent bond?: that in H2
78.
what is the symbol for a carbonyl group: c=o
79.
what is the symbol for a carboxyl group: -COOH
80.
what is the valence shell?: the outermost occupied electron shell of an atom
81.
what leads to the formation of ionic solids: the attractions of anions and cations
82.
what must you attach to your regrade: the official answer key relevant pages
83.
What must you bring to every exam?: your UT ID
84.
what symbol do we use to indicate the transfer of one electron to from one atom to another: a single-headed barbed curved arrow
85.
what symbols do we use to show polarity: the s+ and s- or the arrows
86.
what two categories can covalent bonds be divided in to: nonpolar and polar
87.
What types of bonds does Carbon forms, what is its electronegativity, and with who does it form strong bonds?: single, double, and triple, intermediary at 2.5, C, H, O, N, and some metals
88.
When and where do you go to request regrades?: Lower division office in welch within one week after the return of the graded material
89.
when atoms interact, eac participating atom acquires an electron configuration that is the same as what?: the noble gas nearest it in atomic number
90.
When is the last add/drop day?: January 20, Friday
91.
When is the last day a Q drop will be assigned by an instructor?: April 2
92.
When is the last day to add/drop without possible academic penalty: February 13
93.
when speaking of hybridization of atomic orbitals, the number of hybrid orbitals formed is equal to what?: the number of atomic orbitals combined
94.
When will the three exams be given?: Wednesday evenings 7-9 on 2/22. 3/21. and 4/18
95.
Where can you find course announcements, lecture notes, homework assignments and exam information?: The website
96.
Where is Dr. John Colapret's office?: Welch 4.242
97.
Where will the homework credit sets be available?: the web site
98.
would ions form between sodium (EN 0.9) and fluorine (4.0): yes, difference in EN is >1.9
