| Term | Definition |
|---|
| American Temperance Union | The flagship of the temperance movement in the 1800's. Opposed alcohol. |
| Nativism | An anti-foreign feeling that arose in the 1840's and 1850's in response to the influx of Irish and German Catholics. |
| Samuel F.B. Morse, telegraph | Morse developed a working telegraph which improved communications. |
| Lucretia Mott (1803-1880) | An early feminist, she worked constantly with her husband in liberal causes, particularly slavery abolition and women's suffrage. Her home was a station on the underground railroad. With Elizabeth Cady Stanton, she helped organize the first women's rights convention, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | (1815-1902) A pioneer in the women's suffrage movement, she helped organize the first women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. She later helped edit the militant feminist magazine Revolution from 1868 - 1870. Also, a suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869. |
| Seneca Falls | July, 1848 - Site of the first modern women's right convention. At the gathering, Elizabeth Cady Stanton read a Declaration of Sentiment listing the many discriminations against women, and adopted eleven resolutions, one of which called for women's suffrage. |
| Catherine Beecher (1800-1878) | A writer and lecturer, she worked on behalf of household arts and education of the young. She established two schools for women and emphasized better teacher training. She opposed women's suffrage. |
| "Cult of True Womanhood": piety, domesticity, purity and submissiveness | While many women were in favor of the women's movement, some were not. Some of these believed in preserving the values of "true womanhood": piety, domesticity, purity and submissiveness. These opponents of the women's movement referred to their ideas as the "Cult of True Womanhood." |
| Supreme Court: Marbury v. Madison | 1803 - The case arose out of Jefferson's refusal to deliver the commissions to the judges appointed by Adams' Midnight Appointments. One of the appointees, Marbury, sued the Sect. of State, Madison, to obtain his commission. The Supreme Court held that Madison need not deliver the commissions because the Congressional act that had created the new judgships violated the judiciary provisions of the Constitution, and was therefore unconstitutional and void. This case established the Supreme Court's right to judicial review. Chief Justice John Marshall presided. |
| Supreme Court: Darmouth College v. Woodward | 1819 - This decision declared private corporation charters to be contracts and immune form impairment by states' legislative action. It freed corporations from the states which created them. |
| Supreme Court: McCulloch v. Maryland | 1819 - This decision upheld the power of Congress to charter a bank as a government agency, and denied the state the power to tax that agency. |
| Supreme Court: Cohens v. Virginia | 1821 - This case upheld the Supreme Court's jurisdiction to review a state court's decision where the case involved breaking federal laws. |
| Supreme Court: Gibbons v. Ogden | 1824 - This case ruled that only the federal government has authority over interstate commerce. |
| Manifest Destiny | Phrase commonly used in the 1840's and 1850's. It expressed the inevitableness of continued expansion of the U.S. to the Pacific. |
| Horace Greeley (1811-1873) | Founder and editor of the New York Tribune. He popularized the saying "Go west, young man." He said that people who were struggling in the East could make the fortunes by going west. |
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