Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nicolaus Copernicus | Found that the Earth rotated around the sun- He published On the Revolution of the Heavenly Bodies, Clergy rejected this idea |
| Tycho Brahe | Danish scientist calculated the movement of the planet mathematically |
| Johannes Kepler | was a German mathematician,astronomer and astrologer. A key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution, he is best known for his eponymous laws of planetary motion, codified by later astronomers, based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astronomy. These works also provided one of the foundations for Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation. |
| Francis Bacon | English, writer, and statement- Backed Scientist by writing and making laws protecting scientist |
| Rene Descartes | (French) Developed Analytical Geometry he used math and logic to come to conclusions |
| Robert Boyle | Found out that matter made up the World based on volume, temperature, pressure and gases. |
| Natural law | Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of property (not pursuit of happiness) |
| Thomas Hobbs | Wrote Leviathan Social Contract Theory- People agreed to create a government where they gain law and order |
| John Locke | English People are born with three natural rights (Natural Law) |
| Social Contract Theory | People agreed to create a government where they gain law and order |
| Natural Rights | Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of property (not pursuit of happiness) |
| Baron de Montesquieu | Wrote 1748 On the Spirit of Laws Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances- Executive, legislative and Judicial Branch of Government |
| Voltaire | Attacked Church, King, Aristocracy in over 70 books |
| Diderot | Write the first European style Encyclopedias- These helped to spread new ideas |
| Laissez Faire | "Hand of" economy. Little or no Gov. Interference in the economy |
| Adam Smith | (Scottish Economist) wrote "The Wealth of Nations" A free market should be allowed to regulate the economy. Law of supply and demand applied to manufacturing, wages, profits, and economic growth. |
| Salons | Social gatherings by Enlightenment figure such as writers, philosophers, and artist, scientist, who discussed new ideas |
| Baroque | Elaborate style paintings in Palaces. Artist borrowed ideas from the Greek and Roman classical eras. |
| Rococo Art | (Art style of the 1700) led by Louis XV removed the religious message and was lighter, elegant, and charming |
| Enlighten Despot | Absolute rulers who embraced new ideas |
| Frederick the Great | Prussia (1740-1786)- Granted religious freedom, reduced censorship, improved education, abolished torture, changed the judicial system |
| Catherine the Great | Based her reform on Montesquieu, and Beccaria-religious freedom, abolished torture and capital punishment, crushed peasant uprisings, expands Russia to the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea in the West. She defeated the Ottoman Turks in two wars. |
| Joseph II | Legal reform, freedom of worship, press, and abolished serfdom- peasants must be paid with cash |
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