Ab psy ch 13
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50 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 age of onset | typically during adolescence or ealry adulthood |
| 3 phases of duration | prodromal phase, residual phase, active phase |
| active phase | symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech are characteristics of this phase |
| prodromal phase | precedes active phase, marked by deterioration in role functioning as a student, employee, or homemaker. Change in his/her personality, peculiar behaviors, unusual perceptual experiances, outburts of anger, increased tention, and restlessness, social withdrawl, lack of willpower ect. |
| residual phase | follows the active phase, defined by signs of dramatic symptoms of psychosis improving but negative symptoms remaining pronounced. |
| positive symptoms | (psychotic symptoms), include hallucinations and delusions. |
| negative symptoms | lack of initiative, social withdrawl, deficits in emotional responding |
| hallucinations | sensory experiances that are not caused by actual external stimuli (most often auditory in schitzophrenic patients). stirke the person as being real and are persistant over time. |
| delusions | idiosyncratic beliefs that are rigidly held in spite of their perposterous nature- unable to consider perspective of others- typically personal |
| blunted affect | affective flatetening- fattening or restrictiction of the persons nonverbal display of emotional responces. |
| anhedonia | inability to experiance pleasure |
| avolition | lack of volition or will. |
| alogia | impoverished thinking |
| dizorganization | thinking disturbances and bizzare behavior (third symptom dimension) |
| disorganized speech | involves the tendency of some patients to say things that dont make sence |
| catatonia | most often refers to immobility and marked muscular rigidity but can also refer to as excitement and overactivity |
| inappropriate affect | incongruity and lack of adaptability in emotional expression |
| demntia praecox | emil kraepelin : psychoses that ended in severe intellectual deterioration (dementia) and that had early onset or premature (praecox) onset |
| schitzophrenia | eugen bleuer : splitting of mental associations |
| criterion A | the patient must exhibit two or more active symptoms for atleast one month |
| Criterion B | takes into account social and occupational functioning |
| Criterion C | duration of disorder |
| 5 subtypes of schitzophrenia | catatonic, disorganized, paraniod, undifferentiated |
| catatonic | characterized by symptoms of motor immobililty or excessive and purposeless motor activity, decreased awareness of their environment |
| disorganized type | characterized by disorganized speech, behavior and flat or inappropriate affect, social impairment and delusions and hallucinations are present |
| paraniod type | prominant symptoms are systematic delusions with persecutory grandiose content. frequently auditory. |
| undifferentiated | diplay prominent psychotic symptoms and either meet the criteria for several subtypes or otherwise do not meet criteria for catatonic, disorganized or paranoid types. |
| residual | includes patients who no longer meet the criteria for active phase symptoms but nevertheless demonstrate continued signs of negative symptoms or forms of delutions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech |
| shizoaffective disorder | (one of 3 additional disorders with prominant psychotic symptoms) patients who fall between the boundry of schitzophrenia and modd disorder with psychotic features - presence of delusions or hallucinations for atleast 2 weeks in the the depression does not overlap |
| delusional disorder | (one of 3 additional disorders with prominant psychotic symptoms) patients do not meet the full criteria for schitzophrenia but they are preoccupied for at least 1 month with delutions that are not bizarre |
| brief psychotic disorder | (one of 3 additional disorders with prominant psychotic symptoms) category includes those people who exhibit psychotic symptoms for atleast 1 day but no more than 1 month |
| lifetime morbidity risk | the proportion of a specific population that will be affected by the disorder at some time suring their lives |
| catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) | specific gene that has attention for schitzophrenia, it is an enzyme that is involved in breaking down the neurotransmitter dopamine. located on chromosome 22. |
| brain abnormalities | decrease in total volume of brain tissue, enlarged ventricles, decreased size of hippocampous, amygdada and thalmus (temperol lobes) |
| left side of brain | important roles in control of language |
| temperal lobes play important role with what? | intergration of cognition and emotion |
| visual stimulation in PET | will produce increased cerebral blood flow in the visual cortex |
| original dopamine hypothesis | proposed that the symptoms of schitzophrenia are the product of excessive levels of dopaminergic activity |
| current neurochemical hypothesis | focuses on a broad array of neurotransmitters. |
| atypical antipsychotics | less likley to produce unpleasant motor side affects then traditional. just as affective for positive symptoms and much more affective for negative symptoms. ` |
| soical causation hypothesis | harmful event associated with low SES play a causal role on development of the disorder (increased rate of hospitalization after high rate of unemplyment) |
| social selection process | low SES is an outcome of the disorder rather than a cause |
| expressed emotion | measure of overexpressed emotion (negative, too protective) |
| schizotaxia | individuals who are predisposed to schitzophrenia inherit a subtle neurological defect of unknown form, |
| schizotypic signs | meehl theory, odd or eccentric behavior |
| meehls theoretical model | people who are vulnerable to schitzophrenia might be identified by developing measures that could detect the underlying biological dysfunction (schizotaxia) or by developing sensitive measures of their sublte eccentricities of behavior (schizotypal traits) |
| working memory | the ability to maintain and manipulate info for a short period of time |
| central executive component | responcible for the manipulation and transformation of data that is held in storage buffers |
| traditional antipsychotics | ex- chlorpromazine :reduce the severity of psychotic symtoms. better for positive symptoms of schitzophrenia |
| how antipsychotics work | act by blocking dopamine receptors in the cortical and limbic areas of the brain (also affect seretonin, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine) |
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