1.
atmospheric (aerial) perspective: the diminishing clarity of form as it recedes away from the viewer
2.
cartoon: a preliminary sketch for a larger, more finished work
3.
chiaruscuro: the use of intense contrast (light and dark)
4.
contrapposto: literally "counter-balance" the display of uneven weight that a relaxed, standing human body normally shows, where one part of the human torso twists against another.
5.
diptych: a two paneled painting
6.
ecorche: an anatomical rendering showing the body without skin in order to highligh muscle groups
7.
foreshortening: the illusion of perspective as it applies to irregular forms (such as humans)
8.
Fresco: wall painting achieved by applying pigment (color) to wet plaster
9.
Grisaille: copying the look of statues in painting (making figures look gray like stone)
10.
Linear perspective: the illusion of depth (receding scale shown by diagonals that merge at vanishing points) as it applies to regular, cubic shapes (most typically buildings/structures)
11.
maniera greca: late gothic painting style (greek style) so called because of its resemblance to the paintings of late antiquity produced during the Byzantine era. Characterized by flat figures occupying a flat picture plane which contains highly decorative elements (gold leaf) and expressive faces/hands and elongated bodies.
12.
plateresque: the term used to describe Spanish architecture of the 16th century that showed an extremely elaborate and detailed style
13.
polyptych: a picture made of many separate panels (at least more than 3)
14.
predella: the stepped part of an altarpiece on which most of the image sits.
15.
Quadro Reportato: refers to a style of painting seen on ceilings
16.
rustication: a building which has been deliberately made to look old
17.
sfumato: the smoke-like haziness that softens the contours of form in renaissance paintings
18.
spatial illusion: the conjuring of a three dimensional illusion on a flat two dimensional surface
19.
symbolism: the use of forms as "stand-ins" for some other sort of meaning, most typically religious in nature (such as white lilies = purity of Virgin Mary)
20.
Tempera: painting using egg yolk as a binder/medium
21.
terribilita: the mix of awe and fear exemplified by the work of Michaelangelo
22.
triptcych: a three-paneled painting
