| Term | Definition |
|---|
| overgraze | To allow livestock to strip areas so bare that plants cannot grow back |
| desertification | Process by which grasslands change to deserts |
| canopy | Umbrella-like covering formed by the top of trees in a rain forest |
| hydroelectric power | Electricity generated by flowing water |
| deforestation | Widespread cutting of forests |
| poaching | Illegal hunting of protected animals |
| cassava | Plant with roots that can be ground into flour to make bread or porridge |
| sisal | Plant fiber used to make rope or twine |
| ecotourist | Person who travels to another country to view its natural wonders |
| autonomy | Self-government |
| endangered species | Plant or animal under the threat of completely dying out |
| plate | Huge slab of rock that makes up the earth's crust |
| clan | Group of people related to one another |
| Boer | Name for the Dutch who were the first European settlers in South Africa |
| apartheid | System of laws that separated racial and ethnic groups and limited the rights of blacks in South Africa |
| townships | Crowded neighborhoods outside cities in South Africa where most nonwhites live |
| enclave | Small territory (or kingdom) entirely surrounded by a larger territory |
| African elephant and miniature shrew | Largest and smallest animals in Africa (in alphabetical order) |
| Nelson Mandela | The first black African president of South Africa |
| Lake Malawi | It holds more fish species than any other lake in the world |
| exclave | Small part of a country that is separated from the main part |
| slash-and-burn farming | Method of clearing land for planting by cutting and burning forests |
| Madagascar | Country where most of the world's vanilla beans are grown |
| subsistence farming | Small plot where a farmer grows only enough food to feed his family |
| compound | Group of houses surrounded by walls |
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