Biology chapter 15 &16 test- freshman
Order by
34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Theory | well supported testable explanation |
| Evolution | change in living things over a period of time |
| Fossil | preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organism |
| Artificial Selection | when humans can select variations of organisms that are useful & breed these individuals |
| Struggle for existence | competition among members of species for food, space etc. |
| Fitness | ability of an organism to survive & reproduce |
| Adaptation | inherited trait that increases an organisms survival |
| Survival for the fittest | also called natural selection; when individuals are better suited to environment |
| Natural Selection | how evolution occurs; changes in inherited traits of population |
| Common Descent | all species, living & extinct, came from 1 common ancestor "tree of life" |
| Gene Pool | all genes in a population |
| Gene frequency | how common a gene is in a population |
| Single gene trait | trait controlled by a *single gene (2 alleles) |
| Polygenic trait | trait controlled by *more than 1 gene |
| Speciation | process of forming new species |
| Reproductive Isolation | species may be able to mate & the resulting offspring may be okay to reproduce, but if they aren't fertile than they can't |
| Behavioral Isolation | when 2 populations are able to breed but have differences in reproductive behavior that prevents mating |
| Geographic Isolation | when 2 populations are able to breed but are seperated by barriers (Mountains, Rivers) |
| Temporal Isolation | when 2 populations are able to breed but reproduce at different times |
| Hutton 1785 | said earth is shaped by geological forces over time |
| Malthus 1798 | said if human population continues to grow there wont be enough space and food |
| Lamarck 1809 | first to propose an explanation of how things change over time; wasn't correct |
| Lyell 1833 | processes occuring now have shaped the earth |
| Wallace 1858 | writes to darwin about natural selection |
| 5 types of evidence that support Darwins theory | Fossil record Geographic distribution Homologous structures vestigial structures similar embryology |
| Fossil record | shows gradual changes over time |
| Geographic Distribution | different locations (environments) that can cause variety of organism changes |
| Homologous Structures | organisms with similar body structures share common ancestor (similar function & structure) |
| Vestigial Structures | structure with no function (human apendix) |
| Similar Embryology | development of vertebrates are very similar |
| 2 sources of variation in a population | Mutations Gene shuffling |
| Mutations | change in DNA sequence |
| Gene Shuffling | when genes form new combinations during prophase 1 of meiosis |
| 1831-1836 | Time period when Darwin traveled & developed his ideas |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.