APUSH Gilded Age Terms
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Created by:
renupandit on January 18, 2012
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Humbers class
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Ohio Idea | Proposal by midwestern Democratic delegates to redeem federal war bonds in greenbacks instead of gold, to keep more money in circulation and interest rates low. |
| "waving the bloody shirt" | This was a campaign tactic used by post-Civil War Republicans to remind northern voters that the Confederates were Democrats. The device was used to divert attention away from the competence of candidates and from serious issues. It was also used to appeal to black voters in the South. |
| Jim Fisk | worked with Jay Gould; wanted to corner the US gold market and convince the treasury not to release gold so they could have control over the gold market - almost worked- showed corruption of grant presidency - lead to black friday |
| Black Friday | Sept 24 1869 Jim Fisk and Jay Gould bid gold way higher than it really was in order to make a profit which forced Grant to give money from the treasury |
| Thomas Nast | Newspaper cartoonist who produced satirical cartoons, he invented "Uncle Sam" and came up with the elephant and the donkey for the political parties. He exposed Boss Tweed in one of his cartoons |
| Jay Gould | American financier who worked with Jim Fisk and aimed to corner the gold market |
| Tweed Ring | the corrupt part of Tammany Hall in New York City, started by Burly "Boss" Tweed, Thomas Nast exposed through illustration in Harper's Weekly |
| Samuel Tilden | Democratic nominee for president in 1876, loses narrowly, was aginst corruption in Tammany Hall |
| Rutherford Hayes | 19th president; served one term; Republican; |
| Credit Moblier | One of the scandals during Grant's presidency. The Union Pacific Railroad had formed the Credit Mobilier construction company and then hired themselves at inflated prices to build the railroad line. The company then bought several prominent Republican congressmen with shares of its valuable stock. Only 2 of the corrupt congressman had formal censure. |
| Whiskey Ring scandal | Major scandal during Grant's presidency; A group of distellers who bribed federal officials and tax collectors to avoid paying millions in taxes on their product. Among the men in this scandal was the president's private secretary |
| Liberal Republicans | Party formed in 1872 (split from the ranks of the Republican Party) which argued that the Reconstruction task was complete and should be set aside. Significantly dampered further Reconstructionist efforts. |
| Jay Cooke & Company | Caused Panic of 1873 when it failed, had invested too heavily in railroads and lost money when the railroads cheated the federal government. |
| Panic of 1873 | Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver |
| Horace Greeley | An American newspaper editor and founder of the Republican party. His New York Tribune was America's most influential newspaper 1840-1870. He used it to promote the Whig and Republican parties, as well as antislavery and a host of reforms. |
| Crime of '73 | Through the coinage act of 1873, the US ended the minting of silver dollars and placed the country on the gold standard. This was attacked by those who supported an inflationary monetary policy, particularly farmers and believed in the unlimited coinage of silver. |
| Bland-Allison Act of 1878 | was an 1878 act of Congress requiring the U.S. Treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars. Vetoed by President Rutherford B. Hayes, the Congress overrode Hayes' veto on February 28, 1878 to enact the law. |
| Greenback-Labor Party | Political party that farmers sought refuge in at first, combined inflationary appeal of earlier Greenabackers with program for improving labor |
| James G. Blaine | a U.S. Representative, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, U.S. Senator from Maine, two-time United States Secretary of State, and champion of the Half-Breeds. He was a dominant Republican leader of the post Civil War period, obtaining the 1884 Republican nomination, but lost to Democrat Grover Cleveland. |
| Roscoe Conkling | a politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He was the leader of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party. |
| Gilded Age | coined by Mark Twain, depicted American society in the late 1800s as glided, or having a rotten core covered with gold paint. |
| Stalwarts | Republican in the 1870s who supported Ulysses Grant and Roscoe Conkling; they accepted machine politics and the spoils system and were challenged by other Republicans called Half-Breeds, who supported civil service reform. |
| Halfbreeds | republican reformers who were accused of backing reform simply to create openings for their own supporters.Led by James G. Blaine |
| Mugwumps | Derogatory term for the more liberal members of the Republican party who supported Grover Cleveland in 1884 over Republican candidate James G. Blaine |
| Civil Rights Act of 1875 | Gave blacks the privilege of American citizenship and denied states' the right to restrict blacks of their property, testify in court, and make contracts for their labor. Johnson vetoed this, but Congress voted to override the veto. |
| Chester Arthur | 21st president, Republican, taking office after assassination of Garfield, revitalized the US Navy and ironically lead the charge of civil service reform |
| James Garfield | 20th president, was elected in 1880, barely won the popular vote but won by a huge margin in the electoral college, was assassinated so Stalwarts could be in power . This brought about reforms in the spoils systems. |
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