neurology

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Created by:

bzbbush  on May 7, 2009

Subjects:

nervous system

Classes:

Medical Terminology 350, Anatomy Fleetwood, theonlyawesomepeoplehere

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neurology

brain
main organ of the nervous system
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Terms

Definitions

brain main organ of the nervous system
cranial cavity in which the brain is located in
thalmus part of the limbic system that deals with emotions
hypothalmus regulates body temperature
brainstem keeps the mind conscious
cerebellum monitors muscle tone and body position
cranial nerves carry sensory information from the body
trigeminal 5th cranial nerve
hypoglossal 12th cranial nerve
spinal cord a long narrow column of nerve tissue within the spinal cavity
reflex involuntary muscle reaction
neurons functional units of the nervous system
epinephrine released in times of stress
amnesia partial or total loss of memory
anencephaly congenital condition in which some or all of the cranium and cerebrum are missing in a newborn
aphasia loss of the ability to communicate verbaly or in writing
arteriovenous malformation abnormality in which arteries in the brain connect directly to veins
brain tumor benign or malignant tumor of any area of the brain
cephalagia pain in the head or headache
cerebrovascular accident disruption or blockage of blood flow to the brain
coma deep state of unconsciousness and unresponsiveness
concussion injury to the brain that results in the immediate loss of consciousness for a brief time
dementia progressive deterioration in mental function
down syndrome congenital genetic defect, 3 of chromosome 21
dyslexia difficulty reading and writing words
encephalitis inflammation of the brain caused by a virus
epilepsy uncontrolled, abnormal electrical impulses in the brain
hematoma localized collection of blood that forms in the tissue because of the rupture of an artery or vein
huntingtons chorea progressive, inherited degenerative disease of the brain
hydrocephalus excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid in produced or blocked
meningitis inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord
migraine headache sudden severe headache with throbbing pain
narcolepsy brief, involuntary episodes of falling asleep during the daytime
parkinson's disease chronic, degenerative disease due to an imbalance in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain
syncope temporary loss of conciousness
anesthesia condition in which sensation is completely lost
bell's palsy weakness, drooping of one side of the face because of inflammation of the facial nerve
carpal tunnel syndrome chronic condition with tingling in the hand
guillain-barre's syndrome autoimmune disorder in which the body makes antibodies against myelin
hyperesthesia condition in which there is an abnormally heightened awareness and sensitivity to touch and increase response to painful stimuli
multiple sclerosis chronic, progressive degenerative autoimmune disease in which the body makes antibodies against myelin
neurolgia pain along the path of a nerve caused by an injury to the nerve
neuritis inflammation or infection of a nerve
neurofibromatorsis hereditary disease with multiple benign tumors
neuroma benign tumor of a nerve
neuropathy general category for any type of disease or injury to a nerve
paresthesia abnormal sensations like tingling, burning or pinpricks are felt on the skin
computed axial tomography CT, procedure that uses x-rays to create many individual, closely spaced images
magnetic resonance imaging MRI, uses a magnetic field and radiowaves to align the protons in the body and cause them to emit signals
positron emission tomography PET scan, nuclear medicine procedure that uses a radioactive substance combine with glucose molecules and injected intravenously to reflect the amount of metabolism in an area
electroencephalography EEG, procedure to record the electrical activity of the brain
evoked potential procedure in which an EEG is used to record changes in brain waves that occur followng various stimuli
babinski's sign neurologic test where the outside of the foot from the heel to the toes is stroked with an instrument to check for injury to the parietal lobe or spinal nerves
lumbar puncture procedure to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for testing
Glasgow coma score numerical scale that measures the depth of a coma
biopsy procedure to remove a tumor or mass from the brain or orther part of the body
craniotomy surgical incision of the skull to expose the brain tissue
ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure to insert a plastic tube to connect the ventricles of the brain to the peritoneal cavity
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation TENS, unit-procedure that uses an electrial device to control chronic pain
parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system that stimulates the salivary glands
sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for "fight or flight"
four number of ventricles in the brain
three number of layer of membranes (meninges) that cover the brain and spinal cord
cerebrum largest part of the brain
meninges protects and covers the brain and spinal cord

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