Blood Terms
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Created by:
2010NinjaTurtle on January 18, 2012
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57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What part of blood transports oxygen and carbon dioxide? | Red blood cells |
| Approximately what percentage of blood is plasma? | 55% |
| Erythrocytes are... | Red blood cells |
| What type of plasma protein is an essential component of the clotting system because it is converted into insoluble fibrin? | Fibrinogen |
| Which type of blood is known as the "Universal Recipient?" | AB |
| Stoppage of bleeding is called | Hemostasis |
| What part of blood transports dissolved materials? | Plasma |
| Thrombocytes are... | Platelets |
| Red blood cells are produced in the... | Red bone marrow |
| What is the name of the process that generates new red blood cells? | Erythropoiesis |
| The main function of these cells is to defend the body against infection. | Leukocytes |
| Leukocytes are... | White blood cells |
| Which of the following cells do NOT have a nucleus? | Erythrocytes |
| 3 main phrases (or mechanisms) involved in Hemostasis are... | Vasospasm, platelet plug, clot information |
| What part of blood transports oxygen and carbon dioxide? | Red blood cells |
| The pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen is... | Hemoglobin |
| Increased numbers of these leukocytes are associated with parasitic worm infections... lymphocytes | Eosinophils |
| Which type of blood is known as the "Universal Donor?" | Type O |
| Hematocrit refers to __________ in the blood? | % of formed elements |
| What type of plasma protein are major contributors to the osmotic balance in blood? | Albumins |
| The most abundant leukocytes in normal whole blood is the... | Neutrophil |
| Which refers to an increase in leukocyte number? | Leukocytosis |
| The function of thrombocytes include: | Releasing chemicals to enhance vascular spasm and hemostasis |
| An adequate supply of this vitamin inhibits production of red blood cells. | B12 |
| The primary function of neutrophils is to release histamine, which is called... | Phagocytize bacteria |
| What is the life span of a red blood cell? | 80-120 days |
| Leukopenia is... | An abnormally low white blood cell count |
| The organ primarily responsible for erythropoietin production is the... | Kidney |
| Antibodies against both type -A and type -B antigens are found in the plasma of a person who is: | Type O |
| A person with blood type A has... | A antigen on the red blood cells |
| Increased numbers of this leukocytes are associated with parasitic worm infection (lymphocytes) | Eosmophils |
| What part of blood care cell fragments involved in blood clotting? | Platelets |
| An increase in the number of white blood cells is called... | Leukocytosis |
| Which refers to an increase in leukocyte number? | Leukocytosis |
| In adequate supplies of this vitamin inhibit liver production of blood plasma proteins. | Vitamin K |
| Person of blood type O will... | Produce anti -A and anti -B antibodies |
| Fights infection | White blood cells |
| When there is an increase in red blood cells there is an increase in... | Polycthemia & Dehyrdration |
| When there is a decrease in red blood cells there is a decrease in... | Anemia (several forms), Addison's disease, & Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| When there is an increase in plasma there is an increase in... | fluid and electrolyte imbalance |
| When there is a decrease in plasma there is a decrease in... | fluid and electrolyte imbalance & during hemorrhage |
| When there is an increase in platelets there is an increase in... | heart disease, cancer, cirrhosis of liver, & after trauma |
| When there is a decrease in platelets there is a decrease in... | anemia (some forms), during chemotherapy, & some allergies |
| Erythropoietin (EPO) | EPO is a protein hormone produced by the kidney. After being released into the blood stream it binds with receptors in the bone marrow, where it stimulates the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes). Medically, EPO is used to treat certain forms of anemia (e.g., due to chronic kidney failure). Since EPO accelerates erythrocyte production it also increases oxygen carrying capacity. |
| Coumadin (Warfarin) | is used to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger in your blood and blood vessels. It is prescribed for people with certain types of irregular heartbeat, people with prosthetic (replacement or mechanical) heart valves, and people who have suffered a heart attack. Warfarin is also used to treat or prevent venous thrombosis (swelling and blood clot in a vein) and pulmonary embolism (a blood clot in the lung). Warfarin is in a class of medications called anticoagulants ('blood thinners'). It works by decreasing the clotting ability of the blood. |
| Heparin | is used to prevent blood clots from forming in people who have certain medical conditions or who are undergoing certain medical procedures that increase the chance that clots will form. Heparin is also used to stop the growth of clots that have already formed in the blood vessels, but it cannot be used to decrease the size of clots that have already formed. Heparin is also used in small amounts to prevent blood clots from forming in catheters (small plastic tubes through which medication can be administered or blood drawn) that are left in veins over a period of time. Heparin is in a class of medications called anticoagulants ('blood thinners'). It works by decreasing the clotting ability of the blood. |
| Blood Type A | has only the A antigen on red cells (and B antibody in the plasma) |
| Blood Type B | has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma) |
| Blood Type AB | has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma) |
| Blood Type O | has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma) |
| Anemia | • is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. o While many parts of the body help make red blood cells, most of the work is done in the bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft tissue in the center of bones that helps form blood cells. o Healthy red blood cells last between 80 and 120 days. Parts of your body then remove old blood cells. A hormone called erythropoietin made in your kidneys signals your bone marrow to make more red blood cells. o Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein inside red blood cells. It gives red blood cells their red color. People with anemia do not have enough hemoglobin. |
| Blood banking | the process of collecting (donation), testing, processing, and storing blood for later use (transfusion) |
| Blood transfusions | help people who are injured, having surgery, getting cancer treatments, or being treated for other diseases that affect the blood, like sickle cell anemia. |
| Age Requirement | The minimum age for blood donation is 16 or 17 years, depending upon the state. When allowed, 16-year-olds must bring a signed permission form from a parent. In most cases, there is no upper age limit for donation, although approval from the donor's physician is required in some cases. |
| Weight requirement | Individuals weighing less than 50 kg (110 pounds) are not permitted to donate blood. The less a donor weighs, the greater the likelihood of having a reaction, such as dizziness and fainting following donation. Although reactions to blood donation are rare, individuals weighing between 50 and 54 kg (110 and 119 pounds) are most likely to experience reactions. Most blood centers perform an additional evaluation of donors aged 16 to 18 who are just over the weight limit, which takes into account the donor's estimated blood volume, calculated from the donor's height and weight. |
| Erythroblastosis fetalis | develops in an unborn infant when the mother and baby have different blood types. The mother produces substances called antibodies that attack the developing baby's red blood cells. The most common form of erythroblastosis fetalis is ABO incompatibility, which can vary in severity. The less common form is called Rh incompatibility, which can cause very severe anemia in the baby. |
| Rhogam | Rh0 immunoglobulin, also called anti-Rh or anti-D immunoglobulin. An injectable blood product used to protect an Rh-positive fetus from antibodies by its Rh-negative mother. The idea underlying Rhogam is if anti-Rh antibody is given soon after delivery, it blocks the sensitization of the mother and prevents Rh disease from occurring in the woman's next Rh-positive child. Rhogam is now given routinely to Rh-negative women after pregnancies in which they carried Rh-positive fetuses to prevent the mother's immune system from reacting to the Rh-positive blood of any subsequent fetus. Rhogam was developed in the 1960s by Dr. Vincent J. Freda (1927-2003), professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Columbia University. |
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