BIO 1 - Nutrition and Eating
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What are the feeding types? | heterotrophic: eat other things (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, insectivores) autotrophic: make own food |
| What are the feeding adaptations? | suspension feeders: put large amounts of foods in mouth and strain it (whale) substrate feeders: eat through environment (earthworms) fluid feeders: mosquito, leech, ticks bulk feeders: eat food whole (anaconda) |
| What is intracellular digestion? | inside cells, all animals, exclusive in protista and porifera |
| What is extracellular digestion? | outside cells, all animals above sponges |
| What are the two types of extracellular digestion? | gastrovascular cavity and alimentary canal |
| What is the gastrovascular cavity? | one opening, found in cnidaria and playhelminthes |
| What is the alimentary canal and what are its parts? | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, stomach, intestine, anus |
| What is the purpose of salivary glands? | lubricate food |
| What is the purpose of the pancreas? | make enzymes |
| What is the purpose of the liver? | make bile, emulsify fats |
| What is peristalsis? | movement of food down esophagus |
| What is the sphincter? | circular muscle that regulates food (moves food) |
| What are the different names of food? | bolus: chewed saliva-smothered food acid chyme: food in stomach feces: after nutrients are absorbed |
| What are the types of teeth? | canines: grasping incisors: tearing molars/premolars: crushing and grinding |
| Where are the initial and main sites for carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and fat? | carbohydrates: initial in mouth, main in intestine protein: initial in stomach, main in intestine nucleic acids: initial in intestine, main in intestine fat: initial in intestine, main in intestine |
| What is the cecum? | growth area outside of intestine for bacteria |
| What is the digestive tract of carnivores? | short digestive system (because it's easy to break up food), small cecum (ours is appendix) |
| What is the digestive tract of omnivores? | generalized teeth (in order to eat everything) |
| What is the digestive tract of herbivores? | no canines, long digestive system (cellulose is difficult to break down), large cecum |
| Describe undernourished, overnourished, and malnourished | undernourished: not enough calories overnourished: obese, too many calories malnourished: missing one or more essential nutrients |
| What are the essential amino acids? | nine essential amino acids, all in animal proteins methionine, valine, threonine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, lysine |
| What are the essential fatty acids? | unsaturated fatty acids, used to make phospholipids for membranes |
| What are the essential vitamins? | fat soluble: stored in fat (K, A, D, E) water soluble: excreted in urine (B complex, C) |
| What are the essential minerals? | inorganic nutrients: calcium and phosphorus (nones), iron (anemia), iodine (thyroid hormones), sodium, chlorine and potassium (nerve function, water regulation) |
| What are eating disorders? | anorexia: don't eat bulimia: vomit, leads to acid burning esophagus binge eating: eat a lot and then stop eating |
| Describe diabetes | Type I: genetic Type II: environmental insulin lowers glucose levels, glucagon increases glucose levels |
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