Earth Science Final Exam
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Created by:
eachusj on January 19, 2012
Classes:
Mascoutah High School Earth Science Group
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100 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 How do andesitic and basaltic magma differ? | basaltic magma does not causes explosions |
| What property of water makes frost wedging happen? | it expands when it freezes |
| In coastal areas during the day warm air rises off of the land and cool air from over the ocean moves in to take its place, what would cause this? | convection |
| Which theory first explained what was happening at the ocean ridges and trenches? | Sea Floor Spreading |
| Which layer of the earth is the most massive? | mantle |
| What else advances 50 minutes per day just like the tides? | moon rise and moon set |
| The shapes of which two continents suggest that they were once connected together | South America and Africa |
| At a subduction boundary which plate will go downward? | the densest one |
| How can plate tectonics change climates on Earth? | by changing lattitude, elevation, and causing volcanic eruptions |
| A volcano with gradually sloping sides and a very broad base is a | shield cone |
| Stripping away layers of soil from flat land, caused by wind or run off is called? | sheet erosion |
| Which of the following is an example of erosion? | a river carrying sand in its current |
| What is the cause of most major earthquakes? | plate boundaries |
| What is the cause of earthquakes in our area, along the New Madrid fault? | a stress fault |
| How do chemical and mechanical weathering differ? | Chemical weathering can change rock into something new, mechanical weathering can not |
| Volcanoes in the middle of a plate such as Hawaii and Yellowstone are caused by | a hot spot |
| Which best describes a mudslide? | a fast downhill movement of water and soil |
| Minerals are not: | organic |
| Fossils are found in which type of rock? | sedimentary |
| Earth's atmosphere is mostly: | nitrogen |
| Which is a cause of Earth's seasons? | the tilt of Earth's axis |
| In which month is the earth closet to the sun? | January |
| Which of these is evidence that the earth revolves around the sun? | change of the stars positions (parallax) throughout the year |
| Approximately how much of the Earth's surface is covered by water? | 75% |
| True or False the Earth has a circular orbit | False: Eleptical |
| Why would you weigh more on the poles than on the equator, keep in mind the shape of the earth and Newton Law of Universal gravitation? | you are closer to the earth's center at the poles |
| Which of the following best describes the Earth's lithosphere plates? | they are solid and move on top of the asthenosphere |
| Mineral in lava rocks can show the direction of the Earth's __________ when they formed. | magnetic field |
| Which of the following best describes the asthenosphere? | semi-solid and can flow |
| Which of the following is not true about the Mid Atlantic Ridge? | Hawaii is located above it |
| In the rock cycle, rocks are classified into three groups depending on: | how they formed |
| Where does the energy that drives Earth's wind come from? | the sun |
| Evidence for the Big Bang Theory comes from: | the Doppler Effect |
| How is magma different from lava? | magma is only below earth's surface |
| Magma rises toward the surface of the earth because it: | is less dense than its surroundings |
| How many seismograph stations do you need to locate an earthquake's epicenter? | 3 |
| The Richter scale: | measures the magnitude of an earthquake |
| The sun and all of its planets formed where from a: | nebula |
| Coastal volcanoes like the Cascades in Washington and Oregon are usually: | composite cones |
| Where is the western divide of the Mississippi river system? | the Rockies |
| What causes all mass movements? | gravity |
| Which of the following is the least reliable property of minerals when used to identify them? | color |
| Which of the following is evidence for Sea Floor Spreading? | magnetism of the ocean floor |
| What type of boundary forms the Aleutian Islands of Alaska? | subduction |
| Which of the following is located at an Uplifting boundary? | the Himalayas |
| The river with the largest drainage basin in North America is the: | Mississippi |
| Which layer of the earth is the smallest? | crust |
| What is the isostatic response to glaciers going away? | Uplift |
| The land drained by a stream and its tributaries is called a | watershed |
| This happens in response to stress when rocks are not flexible | faulting |
| Which of the following was not used as evidence for the Continental Drift Theory? | modern day animals |
| Subduction boundaries and uplifting boundaries are both types of : | convergent boundary |
| What causes earthquakes in southern California? | the San Andreas fault |
| Which of the following is true about surface waves? | they are the slowest and most damaging waves |
| In which climate is chemical weathering the most effective? | tropical rain forest |
| The suspended load of a river: | flows with the current |
| A curve in a river caused by different rates of erosion on each bank is called a: | meander |
| Which of the following is not one of the three types of stress? | Strain |
| Which type of strain happens when rocks are ductile (bendable/stretchable)? | Folding |
| When a continent becomes folded in a large scale what will the anticlines of the folds become? | Mountains |
| The phases of the moon are caused by: | the moon's revolution |
| How do mountains affect the temperature of a climate? | temperature drops with increased altitude |
| Why is Venus hotter than Mercury? | it has a strong greenhouse effect |
| The strength of gravity between two objects depends on: | their mass and distance from each other |
| What shape do planetary orbits have? | ellipse |
| Compared to solar eclipses, lunar eclipses: | last longer |
| If the dark region of the moon is growing each night then the moon is: | waning |
| Half of the moon is always lit by the sun, that part of the moon is always facing the: | sun |
| Which type of rock is found only in a thin band on the earth's upper crust, and is the least common type of rock on earth? | sedimentary |
| Which of the following has rings? | all have rings |
| Why does the moon have more impact craters on it than the earth? | the moon has no erosion or atmosphere |
| Which type of weathering involves a direct chemical reaction between water and rocks? | hydrolysis |
| Why do the polar ice caps not melt away every summer? | ice reflects almost all of the solar energy |
| The part of the Electromagnetic spectrum that can be divided into colors is called? | visible light |
| Why does a subducting ocean plate melt into magma? | it has water in it acting as a flux |
| Where does the warm humid air that affects our climate and that of the south eastern states come from? | The Gulf of Mexico |
| The type of mechanical weathering that includes uplifted rocks expanding | exfoliation |
| Which spectrum is used to study the hot gases of a star? | emission |
| How does air pressure affect a climate's moisture? | high pressure makes dry climates |
| Which planet is the largest of the inner planets? | Earth |
| These markings on bed rock show the direction of a glaciers movement. | striations |
| Climates at mid latitude are known for having these. | seasons |
| Which soil horizon is also known as top soil? | "A" horizon |
| Cutting steps into the sides of hills to prevent run off erosion is known as: | terracing |
| What feature of igneous rocks can tell you they cooled on the earth's surface? | holes |
| In a convection current what type of material moves upward? | low density |
| Large boulders moved into an area by glaciers are called? | erratics |
| Trees can be used to prevent erosion by this method: | wind break |
| Soil can be made of sediments of various sizes, which of the following is not a component of soils. | boulders |
| Which of the following could cause the earth's climate to warm? | increase in solar energy |
| Why are the polar regions of the earth cooler than the rest of the planet? | less insolation |
| This feature shows the final boundary of all glaciers. | moraine |
| Soil texture can be tested by: | feeling it |
| What do all tropical climates have in common? | warm temperatures |
| Which of the following is not a part of the new planet definition? | size |
| Platy, blocky, and single grained all refer too: | soil structure |
| Which planet is the third form the sun? | Earth |
| at is the Mercalli scale based upon? | damage |
| As you go deeper into the earth what increases with temperature? | pressure |
| What is the name of this class? | Earth Science |
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