| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Organic Chemistry | Study of carbon compounds |
| Hydrocarbons | Compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen |
| Alkanes | Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds (AKA saturated hydrocarbs) |
| Alkenes | Hydrocarbons that contain double bonds (AKA unsaturated hydrocarbs) |
| Alkynes | Hydrocarbons that contain triple bonds (AKA unsaturated hydrocarbs) |
| Benzene | Example of a hydrocarbon ring - C6H6 |
| Functional groups | Groups of atoms that can give specific chemical properties to compounds |
| Alcohols | C-O-H |
| Organic Acids | R-C=O-OH (carboxyl COOH) |
| Halides | H-C-F/Cl/Br/I |
| Amines | R-NH2 |
| Aldehydes | R-C=O-H (carbonyl C=O) |
| Ketones | R1-R2-C=O (carbonyl C=O, but no hydrogen) |
| Ethers | R1-O-R2 |
| Esters | R1-C=O-O-R2 (ester COO) |
| Isomers | Two or more molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and therefore different chemical properties (if the molecules look different in 2D but same in 3D, they are identical) |
| Addition | A carbon-carbon double bond is broken down into a single bond, freeing each of the two carbons to bond with another element (in the same way, triple can go to double) |
| Substitution | One atom or group in a compound is replaced with another atom or group. Typically, a hydrogen atom will be replaced by one of the functional groups |
| Polymerization | Two smaller compounds called monomers are joined to form a much larger third compound |
| Cracking | A larger compound is broken down into smaller compounds |
| Oxidation | Combustion or burning (reacting with oxygen at a high temperature to produce carbon dioxide and water) |
| Esterification | Organic acid reacts with an alcohol to produce an ester and water |
| Fermentation | Organic compound reacts in the absence of oxygen to produce an alcohol and carbon dioxide |
| 2,2 dimethyl/propane | Both methyl groups are attached to the second carbon from the end |
| 1-propanol, 2-propanol, etc. | Tells you which carbon atom the hydroxyl group is attached to |
| Cis | Both chlorines are on the same side of the molecule |
| Trans | Both chlorines are on opposite sides |
Combine with other sets
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