| Term | Definition |
|---|
| paleontologists | Scientists who use fossils to study the history of life before humans ______. |
| cenozoic | The era we live in today is the ________. |
| neandorathals | The _________ lived at the same time as early Homo sapiens and also had organized societies. |
| cro-magnon | A cave in France has some ancient prehistoric artwork. What type of hominid likely made the art? |
| bipedalism | What is one thing that sets hominids apart from other primates? |
| Africa | The earliest hominids have been found on what continent? |
| primates | All ______ have 4 fingers and a thumb. |
| 3D vision | Eyes at the front of the head are important for primates because they provide _______. |
| thumbs | _____ help primates because with them they can grip and hold things. |
| Mesozoic | _______ era would be most interesting to someone who likes dinosaurs. |
| paleozoic | If you see a fossil fish in a museum that is labeled one of the earliest fish known, what era is it probably from? |
| onto land | During the Paleozoic era, plants and animals slowly move ______. |
| chemicals | Scientists think life developed from ______. |
| absolute dating | Measuring the age of fossils in years is called ______. |
| climate change | Past mass extinctions most likely occured as a result of ______. |
| prokaryotic | Cyanobacteria, which first appeared on Earth over 3 billion years ago, are _______ cells. |
| cenozoic | The time period that is called the Age of Mammals is the _______ era. |
| ozone | The gas layer that protects Earth from the sun's radiation is the _____. |
| cyanobacteria | _________ changed life on Earth by producing food from light through the process of Photosynthesis. |
| paleozoic | The largest mass extinction was in the _______ era. |
| salamanders | Fossils indicate that some of the first animals to live on land were __________. |
| oceans and underground | BEFORE an ozone layer formed to reduce radiation, life existed in __________ and __________. |
| oxygen | During Precambrian time there were organisms that didn't need ________. |
| eras | Scientists have divided the history of the Earth into large divisions called ____. |
| division | ________ is when separated groups of a population cannot mate with each other. |
| separation | WHen part of a population moves away from the rest it is called _________. |
| speciation | _________ creates a new spieces |
| natural selection | Darwin theorized that individuals having and advantage due to their traits or abilities will be more likely to survive and reproduce. His theory is known as ___________. |
| genetic variation | The fact that an organism's offspring are not identical to the parent is known as ________. |
| adaptation | A characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive is _________. |
| predators, starvation, disease, and competition | Populations of all species are limited by ________, __________, _________, and __________. |
| overproduction | A spider may produce hundreds of eggs, only a few of which may survive. This is an example of ________. |
| trait | A characteristic that can be passed on from parent to offspring through genes is called a ____. |
| speciation | The _____ process often begins by a portion of a population becoming physically or geographically separated. |
| evolution | The process by which populations slowly change over time is called __________. |
| adaptation | Over time, animals may change behavior or physical appearance in response to changes in the environment, which is ________. |
| speciation | The process consisting of separation, adaptation, and division is ______. |
| fossil record | The history of life shown by remains of organisms is the _____________. |
| population | Members of a species who live in the same place are a(n) ________. |
| evolution | Slow changes in populations over time are known as ________. |
| hip bones | What features did whales possibly inherit from a four-legged ancestor? |
| fossils | Minerals seeping into an organism's remains form ______. |
| fossil | The trace remains of an organsim that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock are a ____________. |
| adaptation | Over time, when animals may change behavior or physical appearance in response to changes in the evnironment it is called _________. |
| DNA, traits, and fossils | Scientist compare ___, __________, and ______ to determine whether organisms share a common ancestor. |
| sedimentary | Which type of rock is more likely to contain fossils? |
| crushing, melting, moving, and eroding | Environmental factors can cause a fossil to be destroyed such as _____, ___________, __________, and _________. |
| less than 10 | Of all organsims alive today, _____________ % will eventually become fossils. |
| sediment, frozen, amber, and tar | Fossils can be formed by several means including: being buried in _______, the organism can be ______ very quickly, the organism can get trapped in _________, or the organism can get trapped in ____. |
| 12 | If there are 24 chromosomes in a pea plant, how many chromosomes are present in a sex cell of a pea plant? |
| Punett | _______ developed a square that is used to visualize all the possible combinations of alleles in offspring resulting from a genetic cross. |
| Sutton | ________ proposed that genes are located on chromosomes. |
| alleles | _______ may be dominant or recessive. |
| recessive trait | The trait that seems to recede in the background in the first-generation offspring is the _____________. |
| self-pollinating | When pollen frome one flower can fertilize the eggs of the same flower it is said to be _______________. |
| Gregor Mendel | _________ used plants to study the way traits are passed from parents to offspring. |
| phenotype | The organism's appearance is known as its ____________. |
| genotype | The inherited combination of alleles is known as the offspring's ___________. |
| genes | The set of instructions for each characteristic donated by the parent to the offspring is called ______. |
| true breeding | When a __________ plant self pollinates, it will always produce offspring with the same traits as the parent plant has. |
| 3 purple, 1 white | If a purple flower with the genotype Pp (P = purple, p = white) self pollinates, the phenotypes for the offspring would be __________. |
| 3 | If you cross two rabbits that have the genotype Bb, how many possible genotypes can be found in the offspring? |
| alleles | Two forms of the same gene are known as ______. |
| 4Pp | If you cross a white flower (with the genotype pp) with a purple flower (with the genotype PP), the possible genotypes of the offspring are ____. |
| heredity | The passing on of traits from parents to offspring is _______. |
| chromosomes | Genes are found on _________. |
| telophase | In __________ II of Meiosis II, the nuclear membrane forms around the separated chromosomes, and the cell divides. |
| anaphase | In _________ II of Meiosis II, the chromatids pull apart and move to opposite ends of the cell. |
| metaphase | In _________ II of Meiosis II, the chromosomes line up at the equator of each cell. |
| telophase | In ________ I in Meiosis I, the nuclear membrane re-forms and the cell divides, the pared chromatids remain joined. |
| anaphase | In __________ I of Meiosis I, the chromosomes separate from their homologous partners and move to opposite poles of each cell. |
| metaphase | In __________ I of Meiosis I, pairs of homologous chromosomes line up at the cell's equator. |
| interphase | In __________ of Meiosis I, each chromosome makes an identical copy of itself, forming chromatids |
| XY | Which sex chromosomes do males have? |
| XX | Which sex chromosomes do females have? |
| sex cells | Sperm and eggs (ova) are known as ________. |
| meiosis | Humans produce sex cells through the process called ________. |
| homologous chromosomes | The chromosomes in each pair of chromosomes are called ___________________. |
| 1 | How many sets of instructions for each characteristic does a fertilized egg receive from EACH parent? |
| 23 | How many chromosomes are present in a normal human sex cell? |
| meiosis | In _________ four cells are produced from a single cell. |
| meiosis | The process that produces sex cells is _______. |
| mutation | Xrays, Ultraviolet radiation, and radioactivity could cause a __________. |
| DNA | At the end of the replication process, each of the new _____ molecules is composed of one new and original strand. |
| deletion (frameshift mutation) | An original base sequence of DNA, AAA CCC GGG changes to AAA CCG GG. This is known as a(n) ________________. |
| insertion (frameshift mutation) | An original base sequence of DNA, AAA CCC GGG changes to AAA CAC CGG G. This is known as a(n) ___________________. |
| substitution (point mutation) | An original base sequence of DNA is AAA CCC GGG changes to AAA CAC GGG. This mutation is known as a(n) ____________________. |
| skin | Ultraviolet radiation from the sun is known to cause mutations in ______ cells that can lead to cancer, which is why you should wear sunscreen in the summertime. |
| carrier of trait | In a pedigree, a half-filled square or circle indicates a ____________. |
| has trait | In a pedigree, a solid square or circle indicates __________. |
| female | In a pedigree, circles represent ________. |
| male | In a pedigree, squares represent __________. |
| doesn't have trait | In a pedigree, a blank square or circle indicates that the person ___________________. |
| ribosome | The "factory" where the protein is created is the __________. |
| substitution (point mutation) | When one base replaces another base in a codon, the mutation is known as a _______________________. |
| mutagen | A __________ is a physical or chemical agent that causes damage to DNA. |
| mutation | A change in the order of bases in DNA is called a _____________. |
| frameshift | A __________ mutation is when there is an upset in the codon grouping within a gene by adding or subtracting a base letter. |
| amino acid | If a change occurs in a base sequence of a DNA codon, it might cause a different _____________ to be substituted in a protein. |
| sex | If a mutation occurs in the DNA of ______ cells, it can be passed from one generation to the next. |
| mutation | A __________ in DNA could result in, a genetic disorder or disease, death, or no change at all. |
| amino acid | Each group of three bases codes for one ___________. |
| nucleotides | A strand of DNA is a long string of ___________. |
| ribosome | The "factory" through which the "protein assembly line" or mRNA is fed is the ______________. |
| proteins | The human body contains about 50,000 different kinds of _________ which are made of amino acids. |
| protein | All of the following are steps in making a ___________ : mRNA is decoded at the ribosome, copies of DNA are taken to the cytoplasm, and amino acids are joined together at the ribosome to make a protein. |
| amino acid | Each group of three bases codes for the production of one __________. |
| nitrogen bases | In DNA, there are four different types of ________________. |
| 4 | How many amino acids does the DNA sequence ACC TAG TTG ACC code for? |
| 2,000 | How many amino acids are present in a protein that requires 6,000 bases in its code? |
| GCT AGC CTA ATG | What would the complementary strand of DNA be for the sequence of bases: CGA TCG GAT TAC? |
| nitrogen bases | In a DNA strand, the rungs of the "ladder" are made of __________. |
| sugars and phosphates | In a DNA strand, the sides or the backbone of the "ladder" are made of _____________. |
| A = T and C = G | Chargoff's rules are represented __________. |
| spiral | The images that Rosalind Franklin created suggested that DNA has a(n) _______ shape. |
| Xray defraction | Chemist Rosalind Franklin was able to create images of DNA molecules using ____________. |
| TGA AGC | The complemetary strand to the DNA sequence ACT TCG is _________. |
| sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base | What materials make up each nucleotide in a DNA molecule? |
| 3, codon | The code for an amino acid consists of _ base(s) also called a _______. |
| Watson and Crick | _________ and ________ made models to determine DNA structure. |
| gene | A _____ is a set of instructions for each trait, instructions on how to make a protein and a portion of a strand of DNA. |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace