Clinical Pathology
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 how long does it take to go from stem cell to reticulocyte? | 5 days |
| when does hemoglobin synthesis start? | in the early rubricyte |
| when does cell division stop in RBCs? | when the critical hemoglobin concentration is reached, cell division stops. Cell maturation continues |
| What is a metarubricyte? | a nucleated RBC |
| what is a reticulocyte/polychromatophilic RBC? | nucleus is extruded, it has a blue color -number of reticulocytes in peripheral blood indicated erythropoiesis EXCEPT in the horse |
| when do reticulocytes mature in the blood? | at 24 hrs |
| if a reticulocyte is routinely stained (so not methylene blue) what is it called? | polychromatophil |
| what are the chracteristics of a RBC? | no RNA fully hemoglobinized red not blue lifespan of 70 to 160 days |
| how long does it take the body to respond to anemia? | 2-3 days for response in the periphery |
| what are the 3 general categories of anemia? | blood loss RBC destruction decreased production |
| what determines the classification bt regenerative and non regenerative? | by the number of reticulocytes in the periphery (not in horses!) |
| what is MCV? | mean corpuscular volume -indicates the avg volume of RBCs -measured by an instrument |
| what is MCH? | mean corpuscular hemoglobin |
| what is MCHC? | mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration -often calculated |
| if MCV is low, what is this called? | microcytic anemia |
| if MCV is normal what is this called? | normocytic anemia |
| if MCV is high what is this called? | macrocytic anemia |
| what is the MCV low in iron deficiency? | Hemoglobin synthesis requires iron, and if there is a deficiency then critical HGB is reached late, and this results in an extra 5th rubricyte division. Smaller cells enter circulation |
| what is low MCHC called? | hypochromic |
| what is normal MCHC called? | normochromic |
| what is high MCHC called? | hyperchromic |
| why might MCHC be low during reticulocytosis? | there is the same amt of hemoglobin in a larger volume (bc reticulocytes are larger). so the HGB is less concentrated |
| when does elevated MCHC occur? | It is rarely a true value. Usually indicates red cell lysis (could be from rough sample handling). also the presence of Heinz bodies can increase MCHC |
| what is seen in acute hemorrhage? | there is a loss of all components in equal proportions cells, plama water, proteins, so its initially the same HCT -the HCT doesnt drop until later when water moves from interstitium into the vascular space and dilutes it |
| how long does it take reticulocytosis to develop? | 2-3 days |
| when is the reticulocytosis at max response? | 7-10 days -if bleeding is resolved reticulocytes return to normal in 1 to 2 weeks |
| what are some signs of regenerative anemia? | -macrocytosis (increased MCV, assuming many reticulocytes) -hypochromia (decreased MCHC, assuming many reticulocytes) -reticulocytosis -metarubricytes (nRBCs) this doesnt equal regeneration but you could see a few |
| How is absolute reticulocyte count calculated? | % x RBC(millions) = reticulocyte # |
| what is appropriate metarubricytosis? | nRBCs accompanied by reticulocytosis |
| what is inappropriate metarubricytosis? | increased nRBCs with out regeneration, or even without anemia |
| what are some possible causes for inappropriate metarubricytosis? | -severe hypoxia -lead toxicity -bone fractures -heat stroke -leukemia/infiltrative bone marrow disease -splenic disease or injury -hepatopoeisis outside of the bone marrow |
| what are some characteristics of chronic anemia? | -anemia may be slow to develop -with slow onset there is adaptation to lower oxygen levels thru increased erythropoesis and increased 2,3DPG (favors delivery of oxygen to tissues) |
| what is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia? | chronic blood loss |
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