| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Eliphaz | Friend of Job, never emphasized with other's pain |
| Bildad | Friend of Job, believes Job's children brought death among themselves |
| Zophar | Friend of Job, implies that whatever wrong Job has done probably deserves greater punishment than what he received |
| Elihu | Friend of Job, tells Job that God communicates in two ways: visions and physical pain |
| Ezra | a Jewish priest and scribe sent by the Persian king to restore Jewish law and worship in Jerusalem |
| Nehemiah | an Old Testament book telling how a Jewish official at the court of Artaxerxes I in 444 BC became a leader in rebuilding Jeruslaem after the Babylonian Captivity |
| Daniel | a youth who was taken into the court of Nebuchadnezzar and given divine protection when thrown into a den of lions (6th century BC) |
| Nebuchadnezzar | king of Chaldea who captured and destroyed Jerusalem and exiled the Israelites to Babylon |
| Shadrach, Mesach, Abednego | Three boys who refused to bow down to Nebuchadnezzar who then threw them into a furnace, where they were not harmed |
| Belshazzar | made a feast for a thousand of his lords. |
| Tobit | wealthy, made blind by birds crapping in eyes, |
| Raphael | Angel who is sent to help Tobias in cognito |
| Tobias | Goes to get silver, huge fish tries to bite his foot |
| Judith | Extremely righteous widow, summons leaders and they obey, criticizes them, cut off head of Holofernes |
| Holofernes | General who is seduced by Judith, who then cuts off his head |
| Achior | General who spoke on behalf of Israel to Holofernes |
| Uzziah | King of Judah, who was faithful to the Lord and thus prospered. Violated religious code, priests confronted him. God showed support for priests by afflicting priests with leprosy |
| John the Baptist | Person God sent him to prepare the way for Jesus, led baptisms at Jordan River |
| Baptism of Jesus | Heavens opened, Holy Spirit descends like a dove, and a heavenly voice acclaims Jesus is His Son |
| Peter's Confession | When it was acknowledged that Jesus was the Messiah |
| Stephen | First Christian martyr |
| Saul/Paul | First Persecuted Christ, then Jesus spoke to him, changed his name and became a Christian |
| Chloe | Prominent woman of Corinth, told Paul about the divisions in the Church |
| Creon | the brother of Jocasta and uncle of Antigone who became king of Thebes after the fall of Oedipus |
| Jocaste | queen of Thebes who unknowingly married her own son Oedipus |
| Teiresias | Prophet who tells Oedipus who killed Laios |
| Ismene | Sister of Antigone, Eteocles & Polyneices |
| Haimon | Creons son; Antigone's fiance; kills himself |
| Eteocles | Antigone's brother that died in battle and was properly buried |
| Polyneices | Creon refused to bury him because he thought he was a traitor |
| Babylonian Exile | period from 597 to 538 BCE, when citizens of the kingdom of Judah were held captive in Babylon |
| Decree of Cyrus | allowed the Jews to return and to rebuild their Temple, was given in 538 B.C |
| Hymn Book of the Second Temple | Also referred to as the Book of Psalms |
| Hellenism | Jews who continued to consider themselves Jewish after they had become native Greek speakers. It's the cultural change in which somthing non-greek becomes Greek, either by will or force. |
| Antiochus IV Epiphanies | Seleucid ruler who thoroughly Hellenized Palestine and Jerusalem, outlawed Judaism and ordered the worshipping of Zeus. To suppress the Jewish resistance during the Maccabean revolt, he looted the temple treasury and sacrificed a pig on the temple altar. He also turned the temple into temple of Zeus |
| Maccabean Revolt | revolution led by Judas Maccabeus against the tyrannical reign of Antiochus Epiphanes after his pillaging of Jerusalem's temple during the outlaw of Judaism |
| Father of Judaism | Ezra, a Jewish scribe sent to restore Jewish law and worship in Jerusalem |
| Judaism | world religion that could be practiced in any land, without a temple or a king |
| Pharisees | "separated ones" sect of Jews from Judea consisting of citizens of all classes; strict interpretation of the Bible |
| Sadducees | sect of Jews in Judea consisting of priests and wealthy business people; conservatives, only focused on Pentateuch |
| Essenes | Alternative communities around Dead Sea, vows of chastity |
| Zealots | Military group inspired by Maccabee, though Jews should overthrow Romans, hoped for new military leaders |
| Testament | a profession of belief, covenant |
| Gospel | four books in the New Testament that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings |
| Epistle | a letter, written communication used in early days of Christian church, written in response to reports Paul received about the church |
| Synoptic Problem | The problem understanding the differences between the Synoptic Gospels |
| Documentary Hypothesis | Solves synoptic problem, claiming common text between Matt and Luke, referred to as Quelle or Q |
| Quelle | Hypothetical saying source (Of Jesus) that was written around 50-60 CE |
| Sermon on the Mount | the first major discourse delivered by Jesus, many scholars believe it is actually a compilation of Jesus's Teachings |
| Counsels of Perfection | ethical standards that are not obligatory. Chastity, poverty, and obedience, followed by Priests and Nuns |
| Pick-and-Choose (Wolterstorff) | Choosing which rules of the Bible to follow |
| Selective Application (Wolsterhoff) | Only applying laws to certain parts of the church |
| eschatology | the branch of theology that is concerned with such final things as death and judgment |
| prophecy | a prediction uttered under divine inspiration |
| apocalyptic | meaning to unveil, reveal; very symbolic, literary type |
| antichrist | the adversary of Christ (or Christianity) mentioned in the New Testament |
| precritical naiveté | childhood beliefs of Jesus Christ, as it is taught in Sunday School |
| Jesus of History | Particular person Jesus was: a Galilean Jew who was executed by the Romans |
| Christ of Faith | Jesus as developed by the Christian tradition |
| Spirit person | figure in human history with an experiential awareness of the reality of God |
| compassion | core value in life of community for Christians, translated in the characterization of God as gracious and merciful |
| purity system | used to separate holy from everything unclean |
| conventional wisdom | mainstream knowledge of a particular culture "what everybody knows", a cultures understandings of how to live |
| alternative wisdom | questions and undermines conventional wisdom and speaks of another way of life |
| aphorism | short, memorable sayings |
| parable | short stories |
| Sophia | personification of wisdom as a woman |
| Logos | Greek for word, also means wisdom |
| Macro-Images of Scripture | Story of Exodus, Story of Exile and Return, and The Priestly Story, used by Borg to shape the message of Jesus and understand the New Testament. |
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