| Term | Definition |
| mercator projection | Means transferring the spherical Earth to a flat sheet of paper. |
| Azimuthal/Polar projection | Used to show the Great Circle in the Pole. |
| cultural region | Marks the attributes of a culture including dress, architecture, farms, and materials. |
| cultural trait | A single attribute of a culture. |
| cultural complex | The use of the same trait by different cultures. |
| cultural systems | Ethnicity, language, religion and others for a group. |
| cultural realm | Highly generalized regionlaization of culture. |
| cultural landscape | A changing of the physical landscape by a culture. |
| cultural hearths | The sources of civilization outward from which radiated the ideas, innovations, and ideologies that would change the world beyond. |
| cultural diffusion | The spread of an idea or innovation from its source to other cultures. |
| perceptual regions | intellectual constructs designed to help us understand the nature of an area. |
| arithmetic population density | A country or area's total space in square miles divided by the total population. |
| physiologic population density | The number of people in relation to agriculturally productive land. |
| exponential growth | An increase compounded continuously based on the previous amount. |
| periodic movement | limited back and forth movement with long period away from home. |
| migratory movement | results in a permantent relocation. |
| interfaith boundaries | the border between major world religions. |
| intrafaith boundaries | religious borders within a country. |
| enclave | a peice of a territory that is surrounded by another political unit of which it is not a part. |
| exclave | a peice of territory with a boundary that is part of a state but is separated (from the rest of itself) by the territory of another state. |
| boundary delineation | A description of where the border of one country starts and another ends. |
| international alliances | Groups of countries with common goals also for protection. |
| regional compacts | the separation of a country through regional ethnicity. |
| cartels | Groups of countries that control a commodity. |
| constituency boundary | A voting district. |
| nation-state | A political organized area in which a nation and a state occupy the same area. |
| nationalism | Pride in your country. Became a powerful force in the unifying of populations into cohesive wholes and bringing common language and culture into a single state. |
| Imperialism | Believes that a country has the right to rule foreign land. The economic and political expansion of a strong colonialist empire over a weaker country. |
| colonialism | When there is an extension of a country on foreign land. Rule over a subordinate, unfamiliar place and people by a strong imperialist country. |
| boundary definition | Spells out in words and numbers the exact location of a border. |
| boundary delimitation | Is taking a written boundary and putting it on a map. |
| boundary demarcation | Is a border defined by a physical object. |
| antecedent boundary | A present border runs through a sparsely populated area which already had a break in settlement. |
| subsequent boundary | Go through modification and adjustment after settlement. |
| superimposed boundary | A forcibly drawn line across a unified cultural landscape. |
| relict boundary | Ceases to function but is still in existence. |
| frontier | A zone of separation between communities, groups, and states; use to separate societies naturally. |
| definitional boundary disputes | The legal agreement over the border is disputed. |
| location boundary disputes | A border was delimited vaguely such as across a desert. |
| operational boundary disputes | One state wants to stop an action while the other does not. |