| Term | Definition |
| core areas | The original nucleus of a state. |
| multicore states | A country has more than one core area. |
| unitary system | Central government's authority over all parts of the state. |
| federal system | A sharing of powers by the national government and regional powers. |
| confederate system | A state or regional areas power over the national government. |
| geopolitics | A subfield of political geography, studies the connection a country has with surrounding countries and space in regards to military, economics, and politics. |
| supranationalism | International associations in political, economic, cultural and military spheres. |
| primary activities | hunting, gathering, farming, herding, fishing (extracting from the Earth). |
| secondary activities | The conversion of raw goods into finished products (rocks to tools/iron to steel). |
| tertiary activities | Service industries; connect producers to consumers, facilitate commerce and trade (lawyers, doctors, teachers, dentist - provide essential services to society). |
| quaternary activities | Economic activities that involve information and exchange of money or capital (stocks). |
| quinary activities | Refers to spheres of research and higher education. |
| gross domestic product (GDP) | The total value of all goods and services produced within a country during a given year. |
| gross national product (GNP) | The total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a given year, whether located inside the country or not. |
| South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong | The "four tigers" include... |
| Urban realms | Areas functioning separately in certain ways but are still linked together in a greater metropolitan sphere. |
| gentrification | The rehabilitation of deteriorated and run down inner cities with favorable locations close to the central business district and employment. |
| suburbanization | Transformation of rural tu urban area, the evolution of a city dependent on the central business district into a self sufficient economic and cultural entity. |