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Genes the DNA on chromosomes is arranged in segments called genes that control the production of proteins Homologous Chromosomes the chromosomes that make up one pair, on chromosome from each parent Gametes sex cells that have half the humber of chromosomes Haploid a cell with n number of chromosomes Fertilization the process by which one haploid gamete combines with another haploid gamete is called fertilization Diploid a cell that contains 2n number of chromosomes Meiosis the type of cell division that ruduces the number of chromosomes Crossing over the process during which chromosomal segments are exchanges between a pair of homologous chromosomes