| Term | Definition |
| Reformation | A religious revolution in western Europe that took place during the 16th Century. It began as a reform movement within the Roman Catholic Church but evolved into the doctrines of Protestantism. |
| Counter Reformation | The Church began a series of reform measures to keep Church members from becoming Pritestants. |
| Old Masters | The "old masters" are artists recognised in the canon, most often drom the 15th through to 16th centurys |
| Camera Obscura | Invented in the sixteeth century, the camera obscura is made out of an arrangement of lenses and mirrors in a box (or room) that is darkened. When looking through the lens of a 'camera obscura', the view presented is actually reflected through the mirrors onto the paper or cloth and allows the artist to draw by tracing the outline. This forerunner of the modern camera was a tool for recording an optically accurate image, often of topographical detail (Canaletto used one to study his vedute prior to painting). |
| Chiaroscuro | The dramatic use of light and shadow to create a mood or focal point in a painting. |
| Composition | the arangement of a subject in a painting, the placement of figures and objects |
| Convention | a traditional, habitual, or widely accepted mehtod of representaion. accepted rules, or agreed way of working. |
| Realism | A type of representational art in which the artist depicts as closelu as possible what the eye sees. |
| Narrative Painting | In a narrative picture, the viewer is seeing a moment in a sotry that allows the viewer to understant what has happened prior to and after the mement caught by the artist. |