1.
Allusion: A reference to something outside the poem or story that the author expects the reader to know
2.
Apostrophe: The direct address to a deceased or absent person as if that person were present, or to an animal, thing, or abstract idea
3.
Connotation: The associations or suggestions that a word calls to mind
4.
Controlling Metaphor: A metaphor that runs the entire length of a poem
5.
Denotation: The literal or dictionary meaning of a word
6.
Dramatic Irony: A speech or situation what is understood by the audience but not grasped by the character or characters in the story or play
7.
Extended Metaphor: A metaphor that is carried out over a series of lines
8.
Figurative Language: Language that is not meant to be interpreted literally
9.
Hyperbole: Representing something as more that it is; exaggeration for effect
10.
Imagery: Language that appeals to the senses and "paints a picture"
11.
Implied Metaphor: A comparison in which one one of the items is named
12.
Irony: A figure of speech in which what is said does not match what is meant
13.
Metaphor: A comparison between two dissimilar things
14.
Metonymy: The use of a part of something to represent its entirety
15.
Named Metaphor: A comparison in which both items are named
16.
Paradox: A statement that seems self-contradictory or absurd but expresses a truth
17.
Personification: The giving or human qualities to nonhuman items
18.
Simile: A comparison between two dissimilar things using "like" or "as"
19.
Situational Irony: A revealing outcome that turns out to be different from what was expected
20.
Symbol: An object that stands for more that what it is
21.
Theme: The main idea of a poem or story
22.
Tone: A poem's attitude toward its subject or mood
23.
Understatement (litotes): Representing something as less than it really is
24.
Verbal Irony: A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant; sarcasm