Chemistry
Order by
28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Carbohydrates | contains the formula C(H2O)n where the n is the number of carbon atoms. They are classified by the number of sugar groups they contain. Their major function is energy-contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio |
| Monosaccharides | contain one sugar, simple ring structures of 5 or 6 carbons-glucose the one involved in the blood, blood sugar-carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms occur in a 1:2:1 ratio - buliding blocks for carbohydrates |
| Disaccharides | contains 2 sugars and are formed through dehydration synthesis where two sugars lose a water molecule between them and form a bond - DNA |
| Polysaccharides | long chains of simple sugars |
| Glycogen | the storage form found in animals |
| Lipids | molecules that are insoluble in water |
| Triglycerides | neutral fats-contain a glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids, which contain the COOH group at one end |
| Proteins | long chains for amino acids-which contain amine group and an acidic group |
| Primary level of Proteins | the string of amino acids-held together by peptide bond-strong bonds |
| Secondary level of Proteins | joined by H bonds. This will be in the from of a alpha helix or a bet pleated sheet - held together by hydrogen bond-weak |
| Tertiary level of Proteins | joined by H and covalent bond -held together by hydrogen bonds- weak |
| Quaternary level of Protein | when two or more chains join together-held together by hydrogen bonds-weak |
| Catalysts | they speed up reactions by lowering the energy required of the reaction or by bring materials together |
| PH | the measurement of the number of H+ or OH- ions in solution- 7 is neutral, which means there are an equal numbers of H+ and OH- |
| Buffer System | helps to maintain the PH of a solution (the bodys internal environment) within a certain PH. It does this by replacing a strong acid with a weak acid or a strong base with a weak base |
| Acids | sour taste-can dissolve many metals-releases hydrogen ions (H+)-Proton donors- hydrogen is always written first in the molecular formula 0-6 on the PH scale (H+) |
| Bases | have a bitter taste, feel slippery are proton acceptors-they take up hydrogen ions (H+) 8-14 on the PH scale - (OH-)-hydroxyl ions |
| Strong Bases | like hydroxieds that dissociate easily in water and quickly tie up H+ |
| Strong Acids | acids that dissociates completely and irreversibly in water-can dramatically change the PH of a solution |
| Polymers | chainlike molecules made of many similar or repeating units which are joined together by dehydration synthesis |
| Cellulose | fiber, can not break down |
| Fibrous proteins | extended and strandlike-insoluable in water, often found in tissue |
| Globular proteins | compact spherical -moblie, active molecules such as hormones, antibodies, enzymes or catalysts |
| Enzymes | are globular proteins-they act as catalysts, are protein in nature |
| Nucleic acids | composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus are the largest molecules in the body |
| DNA | the information molecule - structure-what we inherit - double strand |
| RNA | single strand-important in protein |
| ATP | use for energy |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.