Flashcards: Psychology Myers 7th Edition - Ch11: Intelligence
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Created by:
shortzi on May 10, 2009
Subjects:
psychology, Psychology Final Exam
Description:
Chapter 11 from Psychology by Myers, 7th edition. Also includes extra information that might be on the AP test.
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 intelligence tests | tests for assessing a person's mental abilities and comparing them with the abilities of other people by means of numerical scores |
| mental age | a measure of intelligence devised by Binet; idea that age corresponds with performance; average 9 year-old has mental age of 9; (ex. 9 year-old with mental age of 7 year-old is considered "dull") |
| Binet | French psychologist who wanted to identify French schoolchildren needing special attention; devised 'mental age' |
| Stanford-Binet | the widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test; revised by Terman |
| IQ | intelligence quotient; IQ = (mental age/chronological age)*100 (ex. 8 year-old with 10 year-old mental age has IQ of 125); today there isn't a quotient, they just compare test-taker's performance to other test-takers |
| factor analysis | a statistical procedure that analyzes clusters of related items (factors); different factors underlie one's total score (ex. people who do well on vocab are likely to do well in paragraph comprehension - this cluster determines verbal intelligence) |
| general intelligence | also called the 'g factor'; Spearman believed that the g factor underlies all intelligent behavior; measured by every task on a test; high g factor = high intelligence, low g factor = low intelligence |
| savant syndrome | a condition in which a person limited in intelligence has an exceptional specific skill (ex. low IQ, master at art) |
| multiple intelligence theory | Gardner's theory that we have multiple intelligences, each independent of the others; word smarts, number smarts, music, space, body, self, people, and nature smarts |
| successful intelligence | Sternberg's idea that there are 3 main intelligences; analytical, creative, and practical |
| emotional intelligence | also called social intelligence; ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions |
| Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale | MEIS; used to assess emotional intelligence; measures test-takers ability to perceive, understand, and regulate emotions |
| creativity | the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas; correlates weakly with intelligence |
| intelligence | the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations |
| aptitude test | a test designed to predict a person's future performance; predict a person's APTITUDE to learn (ex. SAT, WAIS); high reliability, weak predictive validity |
| achievement test | a test designed to measure what a person has learned and retained (ex. the AP Psychology test) |
| WAIS | the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; created by Wechsler; most widely used intelligence test; measures verbal and performance (nonverbal) intelligence |
| standardization | evaluating scores based on the performance of a pre-tested, "standardized" group; scores are evaluated based on normal curve |
| normal curve | also known as a normal distrubtion; bell-shaped pattern of scores; clustered around average; required for standardization |
| Flynn effect | the worldwide phenomenon that shows intelligence test performance has been increasing over the years |
| reliability | the extent which a test yields consistent results; can be measured by comparing the consistency of scores on two halves of the test; includes test-retest and split-half methods |
| validity | the extent to which the test measures what it's supposed to measure; predicts what it's supposed to predict; two types include content and predictive |
| content validity | the extent to which a test samples what it's supposed to sample; (ex. driving test should have driving); one of two validity types |
| predictive validity | how successful a test is at predicting the behavior it's supposed to predict; strength of correlation between test scores and behavior; one of two validity types; also called criterion-related validity |
| mental retardation | a condition of limited mental ability; indicated by intelligence score below 70; difficulty adapting to demands of everyday life; ranges from mild to profound |
| down syndrome | a condition of retardation and physical disorder caused by extra chromosome |
| tracking | placing students in separate classes with others who share their aptitude score; can promote segregation and prejudice |
| stereotype threat | the self-fulfilling effect of negative stereotypes (ex. women do better on math tests when men aren't in the room) |
| heritability | the proportion of person-to-person variation attributable to genes; varies depending on environment |
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