Anatomy Chapter 7
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Created by:
alizaelson on January 21, 2012
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Description:
The Muscular System
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Constrict | become tight |
| EMG(electromyography) | diagnostic test where a muscle or group of muscles are stimulated with an electrical impulse; goal is to measure the contractions of muscles |
| extension | increases angle between bones |
| flexor | a skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint, decreases angle between bones |
| glycogen | stored in muscle and can be converted to glucose |
| muscle | many muscle fascicles grouped together surrounded by fascia |
| rigor mortis | a stiffness that occurs in dead bodies as a result of retained calcium and decreased ATP |
| smooth | involuntary, found in hollow organs(except heart), blood vessels and tubes |
| spasms | involuntary sudden and violent contraction of a muscle for prolonged period of time |
| sphincters | muscular ring around a tube; a valve |
| tendenitis | inflammation of any tendon from injury or overuse |
| vasodilation | relaxation of the smooth muscle in the artery wall causes the artery to become larger in diameter |
| actin | thin filaments |
| atrophy | muscle wasting away from disuse |
| avulsion | a forcible tearing or surgical separation of one body part from another |
| bicep brachii | is located on the anterior upper arm, it flexes the arm at the elbow |
| cartilage | smooth, firm, but flexible connective tissue |
| chlostridium tetani | causes tetanus |
| diaphragm | controls breathing, separates thoracic and abdominal cavities, responsible for bringing air to lungs |
| extensor | a skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part |
| fibromyalgia | pain in muscle fibers; affects women under 40 but is not fully understood, symptomes are aches, pains, muscle stiffness with specific tender spots, the cause is unknown but linked with chronic fatigue syndrome |
| flexion | decreases angle between bones |
| ligament | fibrous bands that hold two bone ends together in a synovial joint |
| myalgia | pain in one or more muscles due to injury or muscle disease |
| myofibrils | thin filament(actin) and thick filament(myosin) within the muscle fiber that give it its characteristics striated appearance |
| myosin | thick filaments |
| point of insertion | the end of a muscle that is attached to the moving bone, with the muscle action moving the insertion toward the origin |
| point of origin | the end of a muscle that is attached to a stationary bone |
| rotation | spin a body part on its axis |
| sarcomeres | the functional contractive units of each fiber; portion of striated muscle fibril that lies between the two adjacent dark lines |
| sprain | overstretching or tearing a ligament |
| strain | overstretcing a muscle, an actual muscle tear; a pulled muscle |
| tendon | cordlike white band of nonelastic fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone |
| visceral muscle | smooth muscle, found in hollow organs except heart, blood vessels and tube, involuntary |
| z lines | the ends of a sarcomere |
| myasthenia gravis | drooping eyelids, gradually increasing muscle weakness |
| muscular distrophy | inherited muscular disease, muscle fibers degenerate, progressive muscle weakness |
| Guillain Barre syndrome | disorder of peripheral nervous system, causes paralysis and loss of reflexes. starts with symptoms in feet and works its way up |
| tetanus | creates rigid paralysis and spasms, caused by toxins and bacteria found in the ground |
| botox | botuism is potentially deadly disease from food poisoning, can be used for medical and cosmetic treatment |
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