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Mouth opening through which animals and humans take in food, the beginning of the digestive process Absorption the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood Mechanical Digestion foods are physically broken down into smaller pieces - chewing Chemical Digestion chemicals produced by the body break foods down into smaller chemical blocks - saliva, intestinal liquids Peristalsis involuntary muscle contraction in the stomach and further down the digestive system that keep food moving in one direction - out Small intestines part of the digestive system where most chemical digestion takes place Gall bladder organ where bile is stored (bile breaks up fat) Villi tiny finger shapes structures that line the small intestine and absorb nutrient molecules Rectum short tube where the large intestine ends here waste material is compressed into a solid form Stomach a j-shaped, muscular pouch located in the abdomen it expands to hold all the food you sallow Large Intestines last section of the digestive system it contains bacteria that feed on the material passing through Anus muscular opening at the end of the rectum Bile a substance that breaks up fat particles Liver organ in upper right portion of the abdomen, largest organ in body, chemical factory that plays a role in many body processes PRODUCES BILE Pancreas a triangular organ between stomach and first part of small intestines, like the liver, PRODUCES ENZYMES that flow into the small intestines and help break down starches, proteins and fats Esophagus muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach Epiglottis a flap that seals off your windpipe preventing food from entering Enzyme proteins that speed up chemical reactions in your body (the chemical in saliva that digests starch) Nutrient substances in foods that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all its essential processes. Fat energy containing nutrients composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen but contain more then twice the amount of energy then an equal amount of carbohydrates Carbohydrate nutrients composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are major sources of energy Vitamins act as a helper molecule in a variety of chemical reactions in the body Minerals - nutrients not made by living things, they are present in soil and plants absorb them through their roots, people get them by eating plants Starch a carbohydrate in the same family as lactose, glucose and fructose Sugar a carbohydrate in the same family as lactose, glucose and fructose Amino Acids small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules, 1000's of proteins are built from 20 different amino acids Calorie the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius Glucose the body's cells major source of energy, most foods do not contain large amounts of glucose