Balskus Unit 6 terms
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Created by:
Justinv0801 on January 22, 2012
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90 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Albert J. Beveridge | skilled orator whose speeches justified the annexation of the Philippines, thus promoting a growth of American imperialism. |
| John Fiske | darwinist historian who argued that the US democratic system was clearly the "fittest," and it would eventually spread worldwide. |
| Anglo-Saxonism | a belief in the innate superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race |
| Josiah Strong | a popular American minister in the late 1800s who linked Anglo-Saxonism to Christian missionary ideas |
| Alfred T. Mahan | u.s. navy captain who encouraged the u.s. to look outward for military bases, raw materials, markets |
| Matthew Perry | A commodore in the American navy. He forced Japan into opening its doors to trade, thus brining western influence to Japan while showing American might. |
| Queen Liliuokalani | the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests |
| James G. Blaine | A U.S. Representative, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, U.S. Senator from Maine and a two-time United States Secretary of State. He funded Bates college. He helped install the Blaine Amendments |
| Pan-Americanism | the idea that the United States and Latin America should work together to support peace and increase trade |
| Organization of American states | Formed in 1948 to promote democracy, economic cooperation, & human rights; Members pledged not to interfere with one another; The US often dominated this organization |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations |
| Jose Marti | led the fight for Cuba's independence from Spain from 1895 through the Spanish-American War |
| Platt Amendment | Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble |
| William R. Hearst | American newspaper magnate and subject of the film Citizen Kane. |
| Joseph Pulitzer | United States newspaper publisher (born in Hungary) who established the Pulitzer prizes (1847-1911) |
| Theodore Roosevelt | 26th President of the United States, 26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War |
| Enrique Dupuy de Lome | a Spanish ambassador to the United States and had a private letter published in the New York Journal |
| jingoism | extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy |
| George Dewey | a United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War, U.S. naval commander who led the American attack on the Philippines |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901. (p. 743) |
| Rough Riders | volunteer soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish American War |
| Leonard Wood | a physician who served as the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Military Governor of Cuba and Governor General of the Philippines. |
| annexation | the formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation |
| Valeriano Weyler | He was a Spanish General referred to as "Butcher" Weyler. He undertook to crush the Cuban rebellion by herding many civilians into barbed-wire reconcentration camps, where they could not give assistance to the armed insurrectionists. The civilians died in deadly pestholes. "Butcher" was removed in 1897. |
| William H. Taft | 27th US president, took over presidency after theodore Roosevelt, strengthened ICC, trust buster |
| Foraker Act | This act established Puerto Rico as an unorganized U.S. territory. Puerto Ricans were not given U.S. citizenship, but the U.S. president appointed the island's governor and governing council. |
| Platt Amendment | Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble |
| John Hay | Secretary of State under McKinley and Roosevelt who pioneered the open-door policy and Panama canal |
| Leon Czolgosz | killed president McKinley in 1901. He was an anarchist, one who believes in the absence of government. |
| Open Door Policy | A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. |
| Boxer Rebellion | 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops |
| Hay-paunceforte Treaty | (November 1901) it was the result of a series of negotiations between the U.S. Secretary of State John Hay and the British Ambassador to Washington Lard Paunceforte that ended with the creation of a canal in Central America. Agreement was hard to come by but the final treaty called for the U.S. to be allowed to construct and manage a Central American Canal, the U.S. was to guarantee the neutrality of the canal was authorized to fortify the area if necessary, and the canal was to be open to all nations with fair and equal rates. |
| Roosevelt Corollary | Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force |
| Dollar Diplomacy | Term used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by gaurenteeing loans to foreign countries |
| Jacob Riis | A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890. |
| David Phillips | published "The Treason of the Senate" in Cosmopolitan, said that 75 out of the 90 senators represented railroads and trusts rather than the people |
| Lincoln Steffens | United States journalist who exposes in 1906 started an era of muckraking journalism (1866-1936), Writing for McClure's Magazine, he criticized the trend of urbanization with a series of articles under the title Shame of the Cities. |
| Ida Tarbell | A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil. |
| John Spargo | The Bitter Cry of the Children,Journalist and novelist, he wrote of the unfair treatment of children used as child labor. Stressed better education, better schools and teachers. A muckraker novel. |
| Upton Sinclair | muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen. |
| Alice Paul | head of the National Woman's party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking. (Its funny because women's rights) |
| Frederick W. Taylor | an engineer, an inventor, and a tennis player. He sought to eliminate wasted motion. Famous for scientific-management especially time-management studies. |
| Robert La Follette | Progressive Wisconsin governor who attacked machine politics and pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary |
| initiative | allowed all citizens to introduce a bill into the legislative and required members to take a vote on it |
| Susan B. Anthony | social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Assosiation |
| 19th amendment | Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections. |
| Women's Christian Temperance Union | This organization was dedicated to the idea of the 18th Amendment - the Amendment that banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol. |
| referendum | The name given to the political process in which the general public votes on an issue of public concern. |
| recall | a request by the manufacturer of a defective product to return the product (as for replacement or repair) |
| Eugene Debs | Prominent socialist leader (and five time presidential candidate) who founded the American Railroad Union and led the 1894 Pullman Strike |
| Northern Securities Co | RR holding company headed by JP Morgan; became the first trust that TR busted; case got argued to Supreme Ct. where the decision upheld TR's position |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Co | March 25th, 1911, building fire on the top floors, 146 workers were killed (mainly women) because there was no way to escape; brought attention to the poor working conditions and led to better workplace safety and the formation of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union |
| Hepburn Act | This 1906 law used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge that railroads to place on shipping goods. |
| Gifford Pinchot | head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them |
| Payne-Aldrich Tariff | Signed by Taft in March of 1909 in contrast to campaign promises. Was supposed to lower tariff rates but Senator Nelson N. Aldrich of Rhode Island put revisions that raised tariffs. This split the Repulican party into progressives (lower tariff) and conservatives (high tariff). |
| Richard Ballinger | Taft's Secretary of the Interior, allowed a private group of business people to obtain several million acres of Alaskan public lands |
| 16th amendment | Authorized the collection of income tax. This made the rich pay their fair share to the government as well as allowing the Underwood-Simmons Tariff of 1913 to lower many tariffs |
| Victoriano Huerta | He was a Mexican military officer and President of Mexico who was also leader of the violent revolution that took place in 1913. His rise to power caused many Mexicans to cross the border as well as angering the United States who saw him as a dictator. |
| Pancho Villa | Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923) Did many good things, but killed a lot of people. Wanted to take money from the rich and give it to the poor. |
| Triple Alliance | Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I. |
| Triple Entente | Great Britian, France, and Russia allied together to stop Germany's aspirations. They also worked to keep a hold on Austria-Hungary. |
| Balkans | geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe. Greece and the region North of Greece. |
| Franz Ferdinand | A Scottish post-punk alternative rock band formed in Glasgow in 2002. The band has been nominated for several Grammy Awards, becoming one of the few Scottish bands or artists to be nominated for a Grammy Award. (and also the archduke that was assassinated, starting WWI) |
| New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters. |
| Underwood Tariff | Pushed through Congress by Woodrow Wilson, this 1913 tariff reduced average tariff duties by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax |
| Federal Reserve Act | a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply |
| Federal Trade Commission | Established to preserve competition by preventing unfair business practices and investigates complaints against companies |
| W.E.B. Dubois | 1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910 |
| John Pershing | Commander of American Expeditionary Force of over 1 million troops who insisted his soldiers fight as independent units so US would have independent role in shaping the peace |
| Bolsheviks | Radical Marxist political party founded by Vladimir Lenin in 1903. Under Lenin's leadership, the Bolsheviks seized power in November 1917 during the Russian Revolution. |
| Gavrilo Princip | Member of a terrorist organization called The Black Hand. Helped to end the optimistic Progressive era in America. Murdered Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife. Wanted to set Bosnia free from Austria-Hungary |
| von Schlieffen Plan | German chief-of-staff 1891-1905. Military plan based off the assumption of two-front war with France and Russia. Minimal troop deployment against Russia to rapidly clear France before Russia could become effective and British could come to help. Advance through Belgium. |
| contraband | goods whose importation or exportation or possession is prohibited by law |
| doughboys | nickname for American troops in Europe. (not the Pillsbury guy) |
| Food Administration | This government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food and ration food for the military. |
| National War Labor Board | a board that negotiated labor disputes and gave workers what they wanted to prevent strikes that would disrupt the war |
| propaganda | information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc. |
| selective service | It is the duty of males, 18 yrs old or more to register for the DRAFT. Major consequences if you don't. |
| "no man's land" | A strip of land beween the trenches of opposing armies along the Western Front during WW1 |
| Vladimir Lenin | Founder of the Russian Communist Party, this man led the November Revolution in 1917 which established a revolutionary soviet government based on a union of workers, peasants, and soldiers. (not the vampire guy) |
| Sussex Pledge | A promise Germany made to America, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking their ships without warning. |
| Zimmermann telegram | January 1917 the British intercepted a telegram from the German government to the Mexican government offering German support if Mexico declared war against the US; offered to return land Mexico lost the US |
| submarines | - Known in Germany as "U-boats," they were very effective at sinking unarmed cargo ships; British naval commanders considered their use to be sneaky and underhanded. (also a type of sandwich) |
| Industrial Workers of the World | Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity. |
| self-determination | the ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will |
| George Creel | head of the Committee on Public Information 1917 which was allegedly formed to combat wartime rumors by providing authoritative info. It served as propaganda agency proclaiming the govn'ts version of reality and discrediting those who questioned that version. |
| Herbert Hoover | Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community. (NOT the vacuum cleaner guy) |
| Bernard Baruch | He headed the War Industries Board which placed the control of industries into the hands of the federal government. It was a prime example of War Socialism. |
| Roger Baldwin | National Civil Liberties Bureau American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) |
| New Nationalism | Roosevelt's progressive political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice |
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