| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Nictitating Membrane | transparent membrane within regular eyelid; protects eye |
| Gills | tadpoles, salamander larvae, and a number of adult salamanders breathe with these |
| Lungs | many adult amphibians breathe with these; folded to increase gas exchange surface area; contains many capillaries |
| Bulbus Corpus | blood vessel into which blood is pumped by the ventricle |
| Mucous Glands | keep amphibian skin moist |
| Salamanders | group of amphibians with tails; includes newts |
| Ureters | tubes transporting urine from the kidneys to the cloaca |
| Double Loop | circulatory system where one loop takes blood to and from the body and another to and from the lungs |
| Frogs | have no tails as adults; prefer habitats close to water; smooth and/or slimy skins need to stay moist |
| Newts | salamanders that spend most of their adult lives in water |
| Tadpoles | larvae of frogs and toads |
| Camouflage | concealment by protective colouring |
| Silurian Period | when land plants appeard |
| Carboniferous Period | 345-285 million years ago; age of amphibians |
| Permian Period | 245 million years ago; when most of the early amphibian groups became extinct |
| Dormant | period of inactivity; cessation of growth; suspension of metabolic activities |
| Skin | an important respiratory organ in amphibians; most carbon dioxide is removed through it |
| Red Eft | immature terrestrial phase of newts before they return permanently to the water to breed |
| Dehydration | loss of water from the body; dangerous when exchanging an aquatic habitat for a terrestrial one |
| Ovoviviparous | young develop inside their mother's body; but are not nourished by it |
| Viviparous | species that bears living young; unborn are nourished by mother's body |
| Cloaca | muscular cavity at end of digestive system; stores wastes until these are expelled |
| Ribs | form a bony cage to support and protect the internal organs |
| Adaptive Radiation | process where ones species gives rise to many species appearing different externally, but similar internally |
| Toads | have no tails as adults; habitat more terrestrial: warty, dry skins conserve water |
| Kidney | filter nitrogenous waster from the blood |
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