| Term | Definition |
|---|
| psychopathology | patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are maladaptive, disruptive, or uncomfortable for those who are affected or for those with whom they come in contact |
| impaired functioning | difficulty in fulfilling appropriate and expected family, social, and work-related roles |
| biopsychosocial model | a view of mental disorders as caused by a combination of interacting biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors |
| neurobiological model | a modern name for the medical model, in which psychological disorders are seen as reflecting disturbances in the anatomy and chemistry of the brain and in other biological processes |
| psychological model | a view in which mental disorder is seen as arising from psychological processes |
| sociocultural model | a way of looking at mental disorders in relation to gender, age, ethnicity, and other social and cultural factors |
| anxiety disorder | a condition in which intense feelings of apprehension are long-standing and disruptive |
| phobia | an anxiety disorder involving strong, irrational fear of an object or situation that does not objectively justify such a reaction |
| specific phobia | an anxiety disorder involving fear and avoidance of heights, animals, and other specific stimuli and situations |
| post-traumatic stress disorder | a pattern of adverse reactions following a traumatic and threatening event |
| social phobia | an anxiety disorder involving strong, irrational fears relating to social situations |
| agoraphobia | an anxiety disorder involving strong fear of being alone or away from the security of home |
| generalized anxiety disorder | a condition that involves relatively mild but long-lasting anxiety that is focused on any particular object or situation; also called free-floating anxiety |
| panic disorder | an anxiety disorder involving sudden panic attacks |
| panic attacks | attacks marked by intense heart palpitations, pressure or pain in the chest, dizziness or unsteadiness, sweating, and a feeling of faintness |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | an anxiety disorder involving repetitive thoughts and urges to perform certain rituals |
| obsessions | persistent, upsetting, and unwanted thoughts |
| compulsions | ritualistic, repetitive behaviors |
| somatoform disorders | psychological problems in which there are symptoms of a physical disorder without a physical cause |
| conversion disorder | a somatoform disorder in which a person displays blindness, deafness, or other symptoms of sensory or motor failure without a physical cause |
| hypochondriasis | a somatoform disorder involving strong, unjustified fear of physical illness |
| somatization disorder | somatoform disorders in which there are numerous physical complaints without verifiable physical illness |
| pain disorder | a somatoform disorder marked by complaints of sever pain with no physical cause |
| dissociative disorders | rare conditions that involve sudden and usually temporary disruptions in a person's memory, consciousness, or identity |
| dissociative fugue | a dissociative disorder involving sudden loss of memory and the assumption of a new identity in a new locale |
| dissociative amnesia | a dissociative disorder marked by a sudden loss of memory |
| dissociative identity disorder (DID) | a dissociative disorder in which a person reports having more than one identity; also called multiple personality disorder |
| mood disorder | conditions in which a person experiences extreme moods, such as depression or mania; also called affective disorder |
| major depressive disorder | a mood disorder in which a person feels sad and hopeless for weeks or months |
| delusions | false beliefs, such as those experienced by people suffering from schizophrenia or extreme depression |
| dysthymic disorder | a mood disorder involving a pattern of comparatively mild depression that lasts for at least two years |
| mania | an elated, very active emotional state |
| bipolar I disorder | a mood disorder in which a person alternates between deep depression and mania; also called manic depression |
| bipolar II disorder | a mood disorder in which a person alternates between major depressive episodes and hypomania episodes |
| hypomania | less severe manic phases |
| cyclothymic disorder | a less severe form of bipolar I disorder |
| seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | during months of shorter daylight, patients experience severe depression, accompanied by irritability and excessive sleeping |
| schizophrenia | a severe and disabling pattern of disturbed thinking emotion, perception, and behavior |
| neologisms | "new words" that have meaning only to the person speaking them |
| loose associations | the tendency for one thought to be logically unconnected, or slightly related, to the next |
| clang associations | associations based on double meanings or on the way words sound |
| hallucinations | a symptom of disorder in which people perceive voices or other stimuli when there are no stimuli present |
| positive symptoms | schizophrenic symptoms such as disorganized thoughts, hallucinations, and delusions |
| negative symptoms | schizophrenic symptoms such as absence of pleasure, lack of speech, and flat effect |
| paranoid schizophrenia | a form of schizophrenia characterized by delusions (of persecution or grandeur or jealousy); symptoms may include anger and anxiety and aloofness and doubts about gender identity; unlike other types of schizophrenia the patients are usually presentable and (if delusions are not acted on) may function in an apparently normal manner |
| disorganized schizophrenia | a form of schizophrenia characterized by severe disintegration of personality including erratic speech and childish mannerisms and bizarre behavior; usually becomes evident during puberty; the most common diagnostic category in mental institutions |
| catatonic schizophrenia | a form of schizophrenia characterized by a tendency to remain in a fixed stuporous state for long periods; the catatonia may give way to short periods of extreme excitement |
| undifferentiated schizophrenia | a form of schizophrenia characterized by having positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia but do not meet the specific criteria for the paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic subtypes |
| residual schizophrenia | a form of schizophrenia manifested by individuals with symptoms of schizophrenia who, after a psychotic schizophrenic episode, are no longer psychotic |
| personality disorders | long-standing, inflexible ways of behaving that create a variety of problems |
| paranoid personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by suspiciousness and distrust of others, all of whom are assumed to be hostile |
| schizoid personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by detachment from social relationships; restricted range of emotion |
| schizotypal personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by detachment from, and great discomfort in, social relationships; odd perceptions, thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors |
| dependent personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by helplessness; excessive need to be taken care of; submissive and clinging behavior; difficulty in making decisions |
| obsessive-compulsive personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by preoccupation with orderliness, perfection, and control |
| avoidant personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by inhibition in social situations; feelings of inadequacy; oversensitivity to criticism |
| histrionic personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and preoccupation with being the center of attention; emotional shallowness; overly dramatic behavior |
| narcissistic personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by exaggerated ideas of self-importance and achievements; preoccupation with fantasies of success; arrogance |
| borderline personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion; impulsivity; angry outbursts; intense fear of abandonment; recurring suicidal gestures |
| antisocial personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by shameless disregard for, and violation of, other people's rights |
| odd-eccentric cluster | often referred to as cluster A, which includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders |
| dramatic-erratic cluster | often referred to as cluster B, which includes histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, and antisocial personality disorders |
| anxious-fearful cluster | often referred to as cluster C, which includes dependent, obsessive-compulsive, and avoidant personality disorders |
| attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | patients diagnosed with this disorder are impulsive and unable to concentrate on an activity as well as other children their age can |
| substance-related disorders | the use of psychoactive drugs for months or years in ways that harm the user or others |
| addiction | development of a physical need for a psychoactive drug; also called physiological dependence |
| alcoholism | a pattern of drinking that may lead to addiction and almost always causes severe social, physical, and other problems |
| DSM-IV | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; resource for diagnosing disorders, uses a 5 axis system |
Combine with other sets
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