| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Acoustic Encoding | The mental representation of information as a sequence of sounds |
| Anterograde Amnesia | A loss of memory for any event that occurs after a brain injury |
| Brown-Peterson Procedure | A method for determining how long unrehearsed information remains in short-term memory |
| Chunks | Stimuli that are perceived as one unit or as a meaningful grouping of information |
| Context-Dependent Memory | Memory that can be helped or hindered by similarities or differences between the context in which it is learned and the context in which it is recalled |
| Decay | The gradual disappearance of the mental representation of a stimulus |
| Elaborative Rehearsal | A memorization method that involves thinking about how new information relates to information already stored in long-term memory |
| Encoding | The process of acquiring information and entering it into memory |
| Encoding Specificity Principle | A principle stating that the ability of a cue to aid retrieval depends on the degree to which it taps into information that was encoded at the time of the original learning |
| Episodic Memory | Memory of an event that happened while one was present |
| Explicit Memory | The process in which people intentionally try to remember something |
| Immediate Memory Span | The maximum number of items a person can recall perfectly after one presentation of the items |
| Implicit Memory | The unintentional influence of prior experiences |
| Information-Processing Model | A model of memory in which information is seen as passing through sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory |
| Interference | The process through which either the storage or the retrieval of information is impaired by the presence of other information |
| Levels-Of-Processing Model | A view stating that how well something is remembered depends on the degree to which incoming information is mentally processed |
| Long-Term Memory | A relatively long-lasting stage of memory whose capacity to store new information is believed to be unlimited |
| Maintenance Rehearsal | Repeating information over and over to keep it active in short-term memory |
| Method Of Savings | Measuring forgetting by computing the difference between the number of repetitions needed to learn and, after a delay, relearn the same material |
| Mnemonics | Strategies for placing information in an organized context in order to remember it |
| Multiple Memory Systems Model | A model of memory that suggests that the brain contains several memory systems, each of which resides in a different area and each of which serves somewhat different purposes |
| Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) Models | Memory models in which new experiences change one?s overall knowledge base |
| Primacy Effect | A characteristic of memory in which recall of the first two or three items in a list is particularly good |
| Proactive Interference | A cause of forgetting in which information already in long-term memory interferes with the ability to remember new information |
| Procedural Memory | A type of memory containing information about how to do things |
| Recency Effect | A characteristic of memory in which recall is particularly good for the last few items in a list |
| Retrieval | The process of recalling information stored in memory |
| Retrieval Cue | A stimulus that aids the recall or recognition of information stored in memory |
| Retroactive Interference | A cause of forgetting in which new information placed in memory interferes with the ability to recall information already in memory |
| Retrograde Amnesia | A loss of memory for events prior to a brain injury |
| Schemas | Mental representations of categories of objects, events, and people |
| Selective Attention | The focusing of mental resources on only part of the stimulus field |
| Semantic Encoding | The mental representation of an experience by its general meaning |
| Semantic Memory | A type of memory containing generalized knowledge of the world |
| Sensory Memory | A type of memory that holds large amounts of incoming information very briefly, but long enough to connect one impression to the next |
| Sensory Registers | Memory systems that hold incoming information long enough for it to be processed further |
| Short-Term Memory | The maintenance component of working memory, which holds unrehearsed information for a limited time |
| Spreading Activation | The maintenance component of working memory, which holds unrehearsed information for a limited time |
| State-Dependent Memory | Memory that is aided or impeded by a person's internal state |
| Storage | The process of maintaining information in memory over time |
| Transfer-Appropriate Processing Model | A model of memory that suggests that a critical determinant of memory is how well the retrieval process matches the original encoding process |
| Visual Encoding | The mental representation of information as images |
| Working Memory | The part of the memory system that allows us to mentally work with, or manipulate, information being held in short-term memory |
Combine with other sets
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