1.
Actualizing Tendency: Carl Roger's concept; The innate inclination toward growth that motivates all human behavior.
2.
Affects: One of the Cognitive Person Variables; Influences on the word around you.
3.
Agreeableness: Part of the Big-Five model, the trait of being warm and cooperative.
4.
Anal Stage: Psychosexual Stage during the second year of life, where the ego begins to evolve.
5.
Behavioral Approach Systems: The brain structures that lead an organism to approach stimuli in pursuit of rewards
6.
Behavioral Inhibition Systems: The brain structures that are sensitive to punishment and discourages behavior that might lead to danger or pain
7.
Big-Five Model: The model contains the five factors that make up personality; Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism
8.
Central Traits: Allport's term to describe the 7 basic descriptive traits of a person.
9.
Cognitive Person Variables: According to Walter Mischel, traits that are important in explaining behavior.
10.
Competencies: One of the Cognitive Person Variables; Special capabilities of a person.
11.
Conditions of Worth: Believing you are only worth something under if certain condition. (EX: Mom won't love me unless I take out the trash.)
12.
Conscientiousness: Part of the Big-Five Model, the trait of being painstaking and careful.
13.
Defense Mechanisms: Unconscious mental operations, used by the Ego, that distort reality in order to reduce anxiety.
14.
Deficiency Orientation: According to Maslow, a preoccupation with perceived needs for things a person does not have.
15.
Ego: The conscious mind that attempts to satisfy the Id's impulses while obeying society's rules.
16.
Electra Complex: A young girl's sexual desire for her father and hatred for her mother.
17.
Emotionality-Stability: One of Hans Eysenck's factors of personality. Specifically, the degree of how anxious and neurotic and anxious a person is.
18.
Encoding: One of the Cognitive Person Variables;Mental representations of information that is seen and heard.
19.
Expectancies: One of the Cognitive Person Variables; Personal predictions about the outcomes of behavior
20.
Extraversion: Part of the Big-Five Model, the tendency to be outgoing and confident.
21.
Functional Analysis: Employed by B.F Skinner to understand behavior in terms of its functions to achieve rewards and avoid punishment.
22.
Genital Stage: Psychosexual Stage that lasts from adolescence until death, in which sexual desires reappear.
23.
Goals: One of the Cognitive Person Variables; The objectives a person would like to achieve.
24.
Growth Orientation: According to Maslow, a tendency to draw satisfaction from what is available in life, rather than to focus on what is missing.
25.
Humanistic Approach: Approach that defines personality as how each individual perceives and interprets the world.
26.
Id: Primitive instincts and energies underlying all psychological activity.
27.
Introversion-Extraversion: According to Hans Eysenck, one of the basic personality factors. Specifically, whether or not a person is shy and reserved or confident and outgoing.
28.
Latency Period: Psychosexual Stage at age 5, when sexual impulses are dormant.
29.
Libido: Psychic energy or desire.
30.
Neuroticism: Part of the Big-Five model, the trait of being self-conscious and anxious.
31.
Object Relations: Theory that states an infant's early relationships with significant objects shape its personality.
32.
Objective Test: Personality test that contains clear, specific questions with specific answers.
33.
Oedipus Complex: A young boy's sexual desire for his mother, and desire to kill his father.
34.
Openness to Experiences: Part of the Big-Five Model, the tendency to have a wide variety of interests.
35.
Oral Stage: Psychosexual stage in the first year of life, in which the mouth is the center of pleasure.
36.
Phallic Stage: Psychosexual Stage from lasting from age 3 to 5. Boys develop the Oedipus Complex and girls develop the Electra Complex.
37.
Pleasure Principle: The governing principle of the id.
38.
Positive Regard: Positive feelings of others that shape the development of a person's self-concept.
39.
Projective Personality Tests: Type of personality test that is unstructured stimuli that can be perceived and responded to in many ways,
40.
Psychodynamic Approach: Psychological approach developed by Sigmund Freud. Emphasizes the interplay of unconscious psychological processes in determining human thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
41.
Psychosexual Stages: Stages in which a part of the body becomes a child's main source of pleasure.
42.
Reality Principle: The governing principle of the ego
43.
Reciprocal Determinism: The mutual influences between personality and environmental factors.
44.
Secondary Traits: The less obvious characteristics of an individual's personality.
45.
Self-Concept: How a person identifies and views themselves.
46.
Self-Efficacy: A person's belief that they will succeed.
47.
Social-Cognitive Approach: Approach to personality that equates personality with behavior.
48.
Superego: Part of the unconscious mind that determines what is right and what is wrong.
49.
Trait Approach: States that personality is the combination of stable internal characteristics that an individual display constantly throughout his or her life.
50.
Values: One of the Cognitive Person Variables; The morals and beliefs of a person.
51.
Womb Envy: A man's envy towards women for their ability to carry and give birth to a child.
