| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Motive | an inner drive that causes a person to do something or act in a certain way |
| Instinct | a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned |
| Instinct Theory | theory that states behavior is motivated by instincts |
| Drive reduction theory | According to this theory, drives reduce biological needs caused by an imbalance in homeostasis |
| Drives | impulses to reduce discomfort |
| Optimal arousal theory | theory that states that people are motivated to maintain their optimal level of arousal, increasing arousal when it is too low and decreasing it when it is too high |
| incentive theory | According to this theory, behavior is goal-directed; we behave in ways that allow us to attain desirable stimuli and avoid negative stimuli |
| satiety | the state of being satisfactorily full and unable to take on more |
| hunger | strong desire for something, such as food |
| Specific hungers | the desire for certain foods at certain times |
| Obesity | a condition of severe overweight that can contribute to diabetes, high blood pressure, and increased risk of heart attack |
| Anorexia (nervosa) | an eating disorder characterized by a preoccupation with food and self-starvation, and dramatic weight loss |
| Bulimia (nervosa) | eating disorder that is characterized by binging and purging, but is usually not life-threatening |
| sexual response cycle | the four stages of sexual responding described by Matsters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. |
| sex hormones | hormones that regulate the development and functioning of reproductive organs and that stimulate the devolopment of male and female sexual characteristics |
| estrogens | hormones made by ovaries; regulate development and maintenance of female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics |
| androgens | Steroid hormones in males involved in the development of male reproductive structures. |
| heterosexual | sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex |
| bisexual | sexually attracted to both sexes |
| homosexual | sexually attracted to members of your own sex |
| Sexual dysfunction | 25-60% of pts and occurs in both low and high potentcy drugs. decreases the labido of women or inhibits ejaculation of men |
| need achievement | A motive influenced by the degree to which a person establishes specific goals, cares about meeting those goals, and experiences feelings of satisfaction by doing so. |
| performance goals | goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others, being judged favorably, and avoiding criticism |
| subjective well-being | a characteristic level of happiness |
| opponent-process theory | According to this theory, any reaction to a stimulus is automatically followed by an opposite reaction, called the opponent process |
| Emotions | feelings that involve cognitive and physiological and behavioral reactions to events |
| James's Peripheral Theory | According to this theory, people experience emotion based on observations of their own physical behavior and peripheral responses |
| Cannon's Central Theory | According to this theory, emotion starts in the thalamus and is then passed simultaneously to the cerebral cortex, where it becomes conscious, and to the autonomic nervous system |
| attributing | explaining the cause of something |
| transferred excitation | When arousal is transferred from one experience to a different situation |
| social referencing | reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation |
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