| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Acceptance | A therapist attitude that conveys a caring for, and acceptance of, the client as a valued person. |
| Antidepressants | Drugs that relieve depression. |
| Anxiolytics | Drugs that reduce feelings of anxiety. |
| Assertiveness Training And Social Skills Training | Methods for teaching clients how to interact with others more comfortably and effectively. |
| Aversion Conditioning | A method that uses classical conditioning to create a negative response to a particular stimulus. |
| Behavior Modification | Treatments that use operant conditioning methods to change behavior. |
| Behavior Therapy | Treatments that use classical conditioning principles to change behavior. |
| Client-Centered Therapy | A therapy that allows the client to decide what to talk about, without direction, judgment, or interpretation from the therapist. |
| Cognitive Therapy | A treatment in which the therapist helps clients to notice and change negative thoughts associated with anxiety and depression |
| Cognitive-Behavior Therapy | Learning-based treatment methods that help clients change the way they think, as well as the way they behave. |
| Community Psychology | A movement to minimize or prevent psychological disorders through changes in social systems and through community mental health programs. |
| Congruence | A consistency between the way therapists feel and the way they act toward clients. |
| Couples Therapy | A form of therapy focusing on improving communication between partners. |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | Brief electrical shock administered to the brain, usually to reduce depression that does not respond to drug treatments. |
| Empathy | The therapist?s attempt to appreciate and understand how the world looks from the client?s point of view. |
| Empirically Supported Therapies (ESTS) | Treatments whose effects have been validated by controlled experimental research. |
| Exposure Techniques | Behavior therapy methods in which clients remain in the presence of strong anxiety-provoking stimuli until the intensity of their emotional reactions decrease. |
| Extinction | The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response or operant behavior through nonreinforcement. |
| Family Therapy | Treatment of two or more individuals from the same family. |
| Flooding | An exposure technique for reducing anxiety that involves keeping a person in a feared, but harmless, situation. |
| Gestalt Therapy | An active treatment designed to help clients get in touch with genuine feelings and disown foreign ones. |
| Group Therapy | Psychotherapy involving several unrelated clients. |
| Modeling | Demonstrating desirable behaviors as a way of teaching them to clients. |
| Neuroleptics | Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of severe disorders such as schizophrenia. |
| Positive Reinforcement | A therapy method that uses rewards to strengthen desirable behaviors. |
| Psychiatrists | Medical doctors who have completed special training in the treatment of psychological disorders. |
| Psychoanalysis | A method of psychotherapy that seeks to help clients gain insight by recognizing and understanding unconscious thoughts and emotions. |
| Psychologists | Among therapists, those whose education includes completion of a master?s or (usually) a doctoral degree in clinical or counseling psychology, often followed by additional specialty training. |
| Psychosurgery | Surgical procedures that destroy tissue in small regions of the brain in an effort to treat psychological disorders. |
| Psychotherapy | The treatment of psychological disorders through talking and other psychological methods. |
| Punishment | A therapy method that weakens undesirable behavior by following it with an unpleasant stimulus. |
| Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) | A treatment designed to identify and change self-defeating thoughts that lead to anxiety and other symptoms of disorder. |
| Reflection | An active listening method in which a therapist conveys empathy by paraphrasing clients? statements and noting accompanying feelings. |
| Systematic Desensitization | A behavioral treatment for anxiety in which clients visualize a graduated series of anxiety-provoking stimuli while remaining relaxed. |
| Token Economy | A system for improving the behavior of institutionalized clients in which desirable behaviors are rewarded with tokens that can be exchanged for desired items or activities |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | A therapist attitude that conveys a caring for, and acceptance of, the client as a valued person. |
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