1.
Accountability: is the process of requiring students to demonstrate mastery of the topics they study as well as holding teachers responsible for this learning.
2.
Behaviorism: is the view of learning that emphasizes the importance of observable, external events on learning and the role of reinforcers in influencing student learning.
3.
Cognitive Psychology: is the view of learning that focuses on thought processes within learning.
4.
Constructivism: is a view of learning that emphasizes four key components:
1. Learners construct their own understanding rather than having it delivered or transmitted to them.
2. New learning depends on prior understanding and knowledge.
3. Learning is enhanced by social interaction.
4. Authentic learning tasks promote meaningful learning.
5.
Decision Making: involves the application of professional judgment in deciding where, how, and why to use the other components of teaching.
6.
ELLs- English Language Learners: are students whose first or home language is not English.
7.
Knowledge of Teaching and Learning: involves a general understanding of learners and how instruction contributes to the process of learning.
8.
Pedagogical Content Knowledge: is the ability to represent information in ways that learners will understand.
9.
Professional Portfolio: is a collection of work produced by a prospective teacher.
10.
Reflection: thinking about and analyzing your actions and beliefs.
11.
Reforms: are suggested changes in teaching and teacher preparation intended to increase the amount students learn.
12.
Teacher Effectiveness Research: is effort that focuses on differences between less and more effective teachers.
13.
Teaching Strategy: is an interconnected set of teaching actions to accomplish specific goals.
