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nominating conventions where party members choose the party's candidates. spoils system the practice of giving government jobs to political backers after an election is won. Kitchen Cabinet a name given to an informal group of trusted advisers not in the official presidential Cabinet who sometimes met in the white house kitchen with Andrew Jackson. veto To cancel National Bank a commercial bank chartered by the federal government state legislatures bodies which would indirectly elect senators according to the US constitution canidates a person running for office expansion the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope Supreme Court the highest federal court in the United States legislating the act of making or enacting laws Jacksonian Democracy A political philosophy supporting expanded suffrage, Manifest Destiny, Patronage, Strict Constructionism, Laissez-Faire Economics, and opposed to banking. This philosophy dominated American politics in the years 1820-1840s. Jeffersonian Democracy A political philosophy supporting limited federal government, strict constructionism, and an agrarian society. This philosophy dominated American politics in the years 1800-1820s. Democrat Political descendants of the Democratic-Republicans and shaped by Jacksonian principles. The political party the formed out of Andrew Jackson's followers. Federalism A political philosophy supporting conservative positions, including the rule of law under the Constitution, republican government, peaceful change through elections, judicial supremacy, stable national finances, credible and active diplomacy, and industrialization. Federalist Party the followers of the political philosophy of the same name. Influential from the founding of our nation until the 1820s when it disolved. Remnants were obsored into the Whigs and later the Republican party in the 1850s. Democratic-Republican Party the political party following the political philosphy known and Jeffersonian Democracy which dominated American Politics in the early 1800s. First Party System The name given to the political landscape until the 1820s. It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party (created by Alexander Hamilton) and the Democratic-Republican Party (created by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison). Second Party System The name given to the political landscape from the 1820s to the 1850s. Partisan newspapers, increased voter turnout, and a high degree of personal loyalty to party emerged with the major parties being the Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson, and the Whig Party, assembled by Henry Clay from opponents to Jackson in the Democratic-Republicans and later the Anti-Masonic Party, the Liberty Party, and the anti-slavery Free Soil Party. Era of Good Feelings the period from the end of the War of 1812 until the 1820s notable due to the decreased association of Americans to a particular political party. Key differences between parties had disolved as times changed and the Democratic-Republicans had absorbed som Federalist ideas. Whig Party The political party that formed in opposition to Jackson's Democratic Party, standing for economic protectionism and modernization from 1830-50s. economic protectionism refers to policies or doctrines which protect businesses and workers within a country by restricting or regulating trade with foreign nations free trade a system of trade policy that allows traders to act and or transact without interference from government. Manifest Destiny 1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent, from "sea to shining sea." patronage (politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support strict constructionism a judicial approach holding that the Constitution should be read literally, with the framers' intentions uppermost in mind Laissez-Faire Economics hands off approach to government; the government should not interfere in the economy agrarian pertaining to farmers and agriculture pertain have to do with or be relevant to