chapter 8
Order by
29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 "revolutionary seed" | this was trying to be uprooted by the power of Europe at the Congress of Vienna, to suppress nationalist fervor |
| conservatives | believed the talk of natural rights and constitutional government could only lead to chaos like France's situation, wanted to preserve traditional ways with a restored throne, established church, and a social hierarchy |
| Metternich | conservative leader who sought to suppress revolutionary ideas and urged monarchs to oppose freedom of the press, crush protests in their own countries, and send troops to douse the flames of rebellion in neighboring lands |
| liberals | spoke mainly for the bourgeoisie, wanted governments to be based on written constitutions and separation of powers, defended natural rights of people, supported laissez faire economics |
| universal manhood suffrage | policy of giving all adult men the right to vote, which even liberals didn't support until later in the century |
| Karageorge | Serb leader, led unsuccessful guerilla war against Ottomans but it did help to promote a sense of Serbian identity |
| Milos Obrenovic | led Serbs in a second, more successful rebellion by turning to the Russians for help |
| autonomy | self-rule, which the Serbs won within the Ottoman Empire thanks to Russia's help |
| Lord Byron | English poet who went to Greece to aid the fight for independence |
| Alexis de Tocqueville | liberal French leader who closely observed the widespread support for revolutionary ideas |
| Charles X | strong believer in absolutism, suspended legislature, limited right to vote, and restricted press; liberals and radicals revolted and took hold of Paris |
| Louis Phillipe | "citizen king", got along well with liberal bourgeoisie |
| Belgium Revolution | Congress of Vienna united Belgium and Holland to create a stronger barrier from France, even though they were very different; Britain and France thought they would benefit from Belgium's independence so they helped Belgium win |
| Poland Revolution | Russia, Austria, and Prussia divided up Poland; Poles hoped the Congress of Vienna would help restore Poland but instead they gave most of Poland to Russia; Polish rebels failed to gain widespread support and failed |
| "February Days" | French revolted against Louis Phillipe's government for bringing corruption and a recession, leading Louis Phillipe to abdicate |
| "June Days" | upper/middle class won control of government and shut down national workshops; furious workers took to the streets of Paris again, but this time they were met by violent bourgeois liberals |
| Napoleon III | won election by presenting himself as a man who cares about social issues, but once in office, he proclaimed himself emperor and eventually ended French leadership in Europe |
| Louis Kossuth | led Hungarian nationalists in demands for independent government, an end to serfdom, and a written constitution to basic rights |
| revolution outside France in 1848 | leaders agreed to reforms, but soon canceled them |
| peninsulares | Spanish-born members of the highest social class who dominated Latin America political and social life |
| creoles | European-descended Latin Americans who resented their second-class status |
| mestizos and mulattoes | people of Native American and African descent who were angry at being denied the status, wealth, and power that was available to the whites |
| Simon Bolivar | led unsuccessful uprising against conservative forces in Venezuela, marched army across the Andes and attacked the Spanish at Bogota, once he succeeded he helped other South American countries |
| Toussaint L'Ouverture | self-educated former slave who led slave rebellion in Haiti and succeeded, controlling most of the island by 1789 |
| Father Miguel Hidalgo | creole priest in Mexico called Mexicans to fight for independence |
| Father Jose Morelos | mestizo who called for wide-ranging social and political reform |
| Agustin de Iturbide | conservative creole in Mexico who was alarmed when liberals forced the king of Spain to issue a constitution because he feared the Spanish government might impose liberal reforms on Mexico as well, so he reached out to the Mexican revolutionaries he had fought against for so long and overthrew the Spanish viceroy |
| Jose de San Martin | helped Argentina win freedom from Spain, then helped Chile and Peru before turning his army over to Bolivar |
| Dom Pedro | king of Brazil who became the emperor of an independent Brazil when revolution brought new leaders to Portugal who planned to abolish reforms and demanded Dom Pedro return to Portugal |
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