Muscles, skeleton and joints of the thoracic wall
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andreaswahl Plus on January 23, 2012
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is the layers of the thoracic wall divided into? | 1. Superficial 2. Intermediate 3. Deep |
| What is the components of the superficial layer of the thoracic wall? | 1. Skin (w/ superficial fascia) 2. Subcutanous tissue 3. Breast |
| What is the components of the intermediate layer of the thoracic wall? | It is the superficial muscles of the thorax and back. For thorax: - Pectoralis major - Pectoralis minor - Serratus anterior - Subclavius For back: - Latissimus dorsi - Levator scapulae - Rhomboid - Trapezius - Serratus posterior (inferior and superior) - Levatorum costarum Other back muscles also make up the posterior thoracic wall |
| What is the components of the deep layer of the thoracic wall? | It is the bones and the following musclesl: - External intercostal - Internal intercostal - Subcostal - Transverse thoracic |
| Origin, insertion, action and innervation of anterior scalene? | O: Ant. tubercle of the tranverse process of C3-C6 I: Scalene tubercle of the first rib A: Raises the upper ribs in respiration or bends the cervical forward (if ribs are fixed) Innervation: Direct braches from the cervical and brachial plexus C3-C6. |
| Origin, insertion, action and innervation of middle scalene? | O: Post. tubercle of the tranverse process of C3-C7 I: 1st rib posterior to the groove for the subclavian artery A: Raises the upper ribs in respiration or bends the cervical forward (if ribs are fixed) Innervation: Direct braches from the cervical and brachial plexus C3-C6. |
| Origin, insertion, action and innervation of posterior scalene? | O: Post. tubercle of the tranverse process of C5-C7 I: Outer surface of the second rib A: Raises the upper ribs in respiration or bends the cervical forward (if ribs are fixed) Innervation: Direct braches from the cervical and brachial plexus C3-C6. |
| Origin, insertion, action and innervation of the external intercostal muscles? | O and I: Lower margin of a rib and insert on the upper margin of the next lower rib (courses obliquely forward and downward). A: Raise the ribs (inspiration) Innervation: First through eleventh intercostal nerves |
| Origin, insertion, action and innervation of the internal intercostal muscles? | O and I: Upper margin of rib and insert on the lower margin of the next higher rib (course obliquely forward and upward) Action: Lower the ribs (expiration) Innervation: First through eleventh intercostal nerves |
| Origin, insertion, action and innervation of the transversus thoracis? | O: Inner surface of the costal cartilage of the 2nd - 6th ribs I: Inner surface of the sternum and xiphoid process Action: Lower the ribs (expiration) Innervation: Second through seventh intercostal nerves |
| Origin and insertion of the diaphragm? | Origin: -Sternal part: xiphoid process -Costal part: Lower six costal cartilages -Lumbar part: Medial and lateral lumbocostal arches (right crus L1-L3, left crus L1-L2) Insertion: Central tendon |
| Action and innervation of the diaphragm? | Action: principal muscle of respiration and aids in compressing the abdominal viscera. Innervation: Phrenic nerve from the cervical plexus (C3-C5). The pheripheral part receives sensory fibers from the intercostal nerves. |
| What are the principal bones of the thorax? What does the parts articulate with? | 1. Sternum: - Manubrium (w/ clavicle, 1 and upper half of 2 costal cartilage) - Sternal angle - Body of sternum (2-7costal carti) - Xiphoid process (attached to linea alba) 2. Ribs: - True ribs (1-7) - False ribs (8-12) - Floating ribs (11-12) 3. Thoracic vertebra (T1-T12) |
| What is the angle of louis? Which level is it located? | It is the sternal angle (junction between manubrium and body of sternum). Located at the level where: - 2nd rib articulate with the sternum - Aortic arch begins and ends - Trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi |
| Origin, insertion, action and innervation of subcostal? | O: Inner surface of lower ribs near their angles I: Upper border of ribs 2 or 3 ribs below Action: Elevate ribs (inspiration) Innervation: Intercostal nerves |
| Where does the intercostal muscle stretch? | External intercostal: Tubercle of rib to the costal cartilage. External intercostal membrane from the costal cartilage to sternum. Internal intercostal: Angle of rib to the sternum. Internal intercostal membrane from the angle of the rib to the tubercle of rib. |
| What and where are the main large apertures through the diaphragm? What passes through them? | 1. Vena Caval Hiatus (in central tendon, T8): IVC and occasionally the right phrenic nerve 2. Esophageal Hiatus (in muscular part (right crus), T10): Esophagus, anterior and posterior trunks of the vagus nerves, (left phrenic nerve) 3. Aortic Hiatus (Behind or between two crura, T12): Aorta (w/ its autonomic plexus), thoracic duct. |
| Where is the arcuate ligament? | Medial arcuate ligament: From body of L1 to the transverse process of L1. Passes over the psoas major and the sympathetic trunk. Lateral arcuate ligament: From transverse process of L1 to 12rib and passes over the quadratus lumborum |
| What passes from the neck to the superior thoracic aperture? | - Vessels: Right and left brachiocephalic vein. Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian, internal thoracic, thoracic duct - Nerves: Phrenic nerves, vagus (also left recurrent laryngeal nerve and cardiac branches), sympathetic trunk (with cervical cardiac nerves) - Others: Trachea, esophagus, apex of lungs, thymus (part of it). "check - (thyroideaima)" |
| What kind of joints are the sternocostal, costochondral, interchondral joints? | Sternocostal (sternum with the first 7 costal cartilages): Synovial plane joints (except the 1st, which is a synchondrosis) Costochondral (ribs with their cartilages): Synchondroses Interchondral (between 6th and 10th costal cartilages): Synovial plane joints |
| How are the ribs articulated with the vertebrae? | Costotransverse (not for rib 11 and 12): Costal tubercle with the costal facet on the transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae. Synovial plane joints. Costovertebral: Head of rib with the costal facet on the corresponding and supraadjacent vertebral bodies. Synovial plane joints. 1, 11 and 12 only articulates with one thoracic vertebral body |
| What are the accessory ligaments for the costovertebral and costotransverse joints? | - Radiate ligament reinforce the costovertebral joints - Lateral costotransverse ligament (from rib tubercle to the tranverse process) - Costotransverse ligament (from rib neck to the transverse process) - Superior costotransverse ligament (from rib neck and the vertebra above it) In addition: Intraarticular ligament with the IV disc and the head of the rib) |
| What kind of joints are the sternoclavicular, manubriosternal and xiphisternal joint? | - Sternoclavicular: Saddle-type synovial joint. Two separate synovial cavities. - Manubriosternal: Symphysis joint - Xiphisternal: Synchondrosis |
| Origin, insertion, action and innervation of the levator costarum? | O: Transverse process T7-T11 I: Subadjecent rib between angle and tubercle Action: Elevate ribs (inspiration) Innervation: Dorsal primary rami (C8-T11) |
| How is the medial and lateral fissures formed? | Medial: By median arcuate lig and medial arcuate lig. Lateral: Medial arcuate lig and the lateral arcuate lig. |
| What passes through the medial and lateral fissure? Between the thoracic and abdominal cavity. | Medial fissure (right): Azygos vein, lesser and least splanchnic nerve Medial fissure (left): Hemiazygos, lesser and least splanchnic nerve Lateral fissure: Greater splanchinc and sympathetic trunk |
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