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Importance of geography The Arabian Peninsula is crossroads of 3 continents-Africa, Europe and Africa. This made the Muslim primary source of economy trade. Tribal region Very little amount of agriculture Desert Mecca is important Muhammad He is considered the last prophet after Jesus. Islam In Arabic it means "submission to the will of Allah" Quran It is the holy books of Islam Allah The God in the religion of Islam Hegira It is when Muhammad moved from the town of Mecca to Yathrib (which later became known as Medina). Yathrib was 200 miles north of Mecca. Five Pillars It is the things that all believers have to carry the 5 duties. They are: o Faith- The belief that "there is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is His prophet." The Muslims have to testify to this. o Prayer- Muslims must pray five times per day, facing towards Mecca. o Alms-Muslims must give alms to the poor, and support the local Mosque by donating a portion of their income. This is like a religious tax. o Fasting-During the Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, all Muslims must fast during daylight hours, except the very young or sick. o Pilgrimage-If possible financially, each Muslim must make a hajj, or holy pilgrimage, to the city of Mecca. Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca Caliph It is the one that succeeded Muhammad (as a ruler religiously and politically) Battle of Tours (AKA the Battle of Poitiers) It is when Charles Martel, a king of France during the Carolingian power and the grandfather of Charlemagne, defeated the Muslims at Poitiers. Abbasid Dynasty An Arab dynasty descended from Abbas, uncle of Muhammad, who supplanted the Umayyad in ad 750. They moved the capital from Mecca to Baghdad THEY WENT THRU THE FERTILE LAND CONQUES Achievements in math and science ... Mosque Muslim house of worship Extent of Islam expansion Some reason why the Islamic expansion was so great was because they were fireless fighter. Their cavalry overwhelmed their opponents by mounting on horses and camels. Another big reason why the Islamic expansion was so great was because they were united by only one thing, their belief in Islam. In addition, the Islamic expansion was so great because the Byzantine and Persian Empire were weak from fighting wars against each other. It extended from India to Spain. Important of trade It made their economy flourish