| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Protein Synthesis | What is the process of producing proteins by bonding together specific amino acids in a specific order? |
| Nucleus, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, chromosomes, and ribosomes | What are the essential cell structures involved in protein synthesis? |
| Protein | What is a long chain of amino acids used to build and repair cells and in some cases are involved in chemical reactions? |
| amino acids | what are proteins made up of? |
| proteins | What composes all living things? |
| proteins | What is the universal phase of anabolism? |
| Proteins | What differs from species to species and individual to individual? |
| A code | what located in the nucleus (DNA) directs the production of proteins (DNA) is the blueprint in protein production? |
| Ribosomes | Where does the process of making proteins occur? |
| Fredrick Griffith | Who was a british bacteriologist who provided the first clues in determining the functino of DNA? |
| Fredrick Griffith | Who studied mice? |
| Fredrick Griffith | whose goal was to study the effects of 2 strains of pneumococcus bacteria in mice? |
| Strain A | Which strain was enclosed in a capsule which prevents the mouse immune system from easily destroying it? |
| Strain A | Which strain does the capsule give the bacteria a smooth appearance? |
| Strain B | Which strain lacks a capsule so the mouse immune system could destroy the bacterai easily |
| Stain B | In which strand without a capsule the bactera has a rough appearance? |
| The mouse lives | What happens when he injected the mouse with heat killed smooth bacteria? |
| The mouse died | What happens when he injected the mouse with a mixture of live rough bacteria and the heat killed smooth bacteria? |
| Live smooth bacteria | After Griffith injected the mouse with a mixture of live rough bacteria and the heat killed smooth bacterai and the mouse xdied he examined the body fluid from the dead mouse, and what did he discover? |
| DNA | After Griffith experiments what was the transforming substance later identified as? |
| Archibold Garrod | Who determined that DNA is involved in protein production? |
| Protein Production | What is DNA involved in? |
| Watson | Who was an AMerican Biologist? |
| Crick | Who was a British Biophysicist? |
| Watson and Crick | WHo proposed the molecular model of DNA? |
| Watson and Crick | Who won the Nobel Prize for their discovery? |
| DNA | What is composed of Nucleic acid that stores and trasmits genetic information from one generation to the next? |
| chromosomes | What are threads of DNA? |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid | What does DNA stand for? |
| Genes | What are specific setgments of a chromsosome (DNA) that codes for a specific protein? |
| Double Helix | What is the shape of the DNA Molecule called? |
| Deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and the bases | What are the three parts of the DNA molecule? |
| Sugar | What is Deoxyribose? |
| Bases | What are compounds that contain the element nitrogen? |
| Nucleic Acids | What are large complex organic molecules compsoed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphate? |
| Nucleotides | What are subunits of Nucleic Acids? |
| Monomer | What is a small molecule that joins together to form more complex molecules? |
| Polymer | What is formed from the bonding of many monomers? |
| 4 bases | How many different bases are associated with the nuvcleotides found in DNA? |
| Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine | What are the four nitrogenous Bases? |
| Adenine | What does "A" represent? |
| Guanine | What does "G" represent? |
| Thymine | What does "T" represent? |
| Cytosine | What does "C" represent? |
| The base that is attached to it | What is each nucleotide named for? |
| The sequence of Bases | What "codes" for a protein? |
| A double strand that is bonded between the bases | What is DNA composed of? |
| Pyrimidines | What do Purines always bond with? |
| Purines | What do Pyrimidines always bond with? |
| Hydrogen Bonds | What holds bases together with each other in specific combinations? |
| Pyrimidines | What are single ring molecules? |
| Purines | What are double ring structures? |
| Thymine | What does Adenine always bond to? |
| Adenine | What does Thymine always bond to? |
| Cytosine | What does guanine always bond to? |
| Guanine | What does cytosine always bond to? |
| DNA | What does every cell in the body with a nucleus have? |
| DNA | When a cell divides a copy of what must enter the new cell? |
| Bonds between bases are broken | What is meant by the molecule "unzips"? |
| The exposed bases | What will nucleotides found freely in the nucleus join with? |
| Transcritption | What is the process by which the DNA code is copied onto a strand of RNA? |
| Ribonucleic Acid | What does RNA stand for? |
| three types | How many types of RNA are involved in Protein Synthesis? |
| Messenger RNA | What does mRNA stand for? |
| mRNA | What picks up the code form DNA in the nucleus and takes it to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm? |
| Transfer RNA | What does tRNA stand for? |
| tRNA | What delivers the correct amino acid to the mRNA blueprint at the ribosome? |
| one type | How many types of tRNA are ther for each of the 20 amino acids? |
| 20 | how many types of amino acids are there? |
| Anticodon | What are 3 nucleotide bases found at one end of the tRNA with the opposite code found on the mRNA? |
| Uracil | Instead of THymine, which is found in DNA, What does RNA contain? |
| Pyrimidine | What is a Uracil? |
| Uracil | What does "U" represent? |
| A single strand | What is RNA usually found as? |
| In the Nucleus and Cytoplasm | Where is RNA found? |
| In the Nucleus | Where is DNA found? |
| Oxygen Atoms | What kind of atoms does RNA contain more of compared to DNA? |
| 3 bases | How many bases code for one amino acid? |
| 64 | How many "words" can be made with the four bases? |
| Codon | What are 3 consecutive bases in the DNA molecule that represents one of the 20 amino acids? |
| One strand | How many strands of DNA molecule acts as the template? |
| Translation | What is the process of decoding the mRNA message to form a polypeptide chain (protein)? |
| Ribosomes | What attaches to a strand of mRNA at the iniiator codon? |
| Initiator Codon | What tells the ribosome where to start reading? |
| tRNA | What is formed from information on the DNA molecule in the nucleus? |
| tRNA | What enters the cytoplams and folds? |
| An amino acid | In Translation What will ech tRNA attach to? |
| An anticodon | I translation what does each tRNA carry that "fits" the codon of mRNA? |
| One direction | In translation how many directions does a ribosome move along the mRNA? |
| mRNA | In translation where is the ase cose read by the ribosome? |
| Many times | How many times is mRNA read? |
| Polysomes | What is the attachment of many ribosomes to the mRNA? |
| mRNA | From what are may molecules of the same kind made? |
| Protein | In translation what is realeased by the ribosome into the cytoplasm? |
| it's left behind | In translation what happens to the amino acid as the ribosome moves along the mRNA? |
| Eukaryotic Cells | In what kind of cells can the mRNA be translated over and over again? |
| peptide bonds | In translation what do the amino acids link together to form? |
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