| Term | Definition |
| Caravaggio | Italian; secularized Christian art, tenebrism |
| Bernini | Italian; David, Ecstasy of St Theresa |
| Borromini | Italian; bold architecture |
| Peter Paul Rubens | Flemish, Catholic; Descent from the Cross, hunting, Marie De' Medici |
| Van Dyck | Flemish; noble, flattering, and intimate portraits |
| Hals | Dutch; captured expression, The Laughing Cavalier, alla prima |
| Rembrant | Dutch; accomplished etcher, fine portraits and psychological pieces, The Nightwatch |
| Vermeer | Dutch; pure colors, subjects performing simple tasks, light is true subject |
| Hogarth | English; satirical artist, Breakfast Scene |
| Gainsborough | English; relaxed and natural portraits |
| Reynolds | English; beautiful and glorified portraits with classical references |
| Wren | English; St. Paul's Cathedral |
| Velazquez | Spanish; realism plus precursor of impressionism, Pope Innocent X, Las Meninas |
| Poussin | French; revived classicism |
| Claude Lorrain | French; nature at dusk and dawn |