| Term | Definition |
|---|
| action spaces | the geographical area that contains the space an individual interacts with on a daily basis |
| beaux arts | this movement within a city planning and urban design that stressed the marriage of older, classical forms with newer, industrial ones |
| central buisness district (CBD) | the downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge |
| city beatiful movement | movement in enviromental design that drew directy from the beaux arts school |
| colonial city | cities established by colonizing empires as administrative centers |
| concentric zone model | model that describes urban enviroments as a series of rings of distant land uses radiating out from a central core, or CBD |
| edge city | cities that are located on the outskirts of larger cities and serve many of the same functions of urban areas, but in sprawling, decentralized suburban enviroment |
| european cities | cities in Europe that were mostly developed during the Medieval Period and that retain many of the same characteristics such as extreme density of development with narrow buildings and winding streets, an orante church that prominently marks the city center, and high walls surrounding the city center that provided defense against attack |
| exurbanite | person who has left the inner city and moved to outlying suburbs or rural areas |
| feudal city | cities that arose during the Middle Ages and that actually represent a time of relative stagnation in urban growth |
| gateway | cities that, because of their geographic location, at as ports of entry and distribution centers for large geographic areas |
| gentrification | the trend of middle- and upper-income Americans moving into city centers and rehabilitating much of the architecture but also replacing low-income populations, and changing the social character of certain neighborhoods |
| ghettoization | a process occuring in many inner cities in which they become dilapidated centers of poverty, as afflluent whites moved out to the suburbs and immigrants and people of color vie for scarce jobs and recources |
| hinterland | the market area surrounding an urban center, which that urban center serves |
| Industrial Revolution | period characterized by the rapid social and economic changes in manufacturing and agriculture that occured in England during the late 18th century and rapidly diffused to other parts of the developed world |
| inner city decay | those parts of large urban areas that lose significant portions of their population as a result of change in industry or migration to suburbs |
| Islamic cities | cities in Muslim countries that owe their structure to thier religious beliefs |
| Latin American cities | cities in Latin America that owe much of their structure to colonialism, the rapid rise of industrialization, and continal rapid increases in population |
| medieval cities | cities that developed in Europe during the Medieval Period and that contain such unique features as extreme density of developement with narrow buildings and winding streets, an ornate church that prominently marks the city center, and high walls surrounding the city center that provided defense against atack |
| megacities | cities, mostly characteristic of the developing world, where high population growth and migration have caused them to explode in population since WWII |
| megalopolis | several, metropolitan areas that were originally seperate but that have joined together to form a large, sprawling urban complex |
| metorpolitan area | within the US, an urban consisting of one or more whole country units, usually containing several urbanized areas, or suburbs, that all act together as a coherent economic whole |
| modern architecture | point of view, wherein cities and buildings are thought to act like well-oiled machines, with little energy spent on frivolous details or ornate designs |
| multiple nuclei model | type of urban form wherein cities have numerous centers of buisness and cultural activity instead of one central place |
| node | geographical centers of activity |
| postmodern architecture | a reaction in architectural design to the felling of steril aleination that may people get from modern architecture |
| primate city | a country's leading city, with population that is disproportionately greater than other urban areas within the same country |
| rank-size rule | rule that states that the population of any given town should be inversely proportional ot its rank in the country's heirarchy when the distribution of ciites according to their sizes follow a certain pattern |
| sector model | a model or urban land use that places the CBD in the middle with wedge-shaped sectors radiating outwards from the center along transportation corridors |
| segregation | the process results from suburbanization when affluent individuals leave the city center for homogenous suburban neighborhoods |
| squatter settlements | residential developments characterized by extreme poverty that usually exist on land just outside of cities that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants |
| suburb | residential communities, located outside of city centers, that are usually relatively homogenous in terms of population |
| urban growth boundary | geographical boundaries place around a city to limit suburban growth within that city |
| urban morphology | the physical form of a city or urban region |
| urban revitalization | the process occuring in some urban areas experiencing inner city decay that usually involve the construction of new shopping districts, entertianment venues, and cultural attractions to entice young urban professionals back into the cities where nightlife and culture are more accesible |
| urban sprawl | the process of expanisve suburban development over large areas sprading out from a city, in which the automobile provides the primary source of transportation |
| world city | centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce |
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