science vocab chapter 7
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Created by:
burnsm8127 on January 23, 2012
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 volcano | a weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface |
| magma | A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle |
| lava | Liquid magma that reaches the surface; also the rock formed when liquid lava hardens. |
| Ring of Fire | A major belt of volcanos that rims the pacific ocean |
| island arc | A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trench. |
| element | A substance in which all atoms are the same that can not be broken down into other substances |
| compound | A substance in which two or more elements are chemically joined |
| physical property | Any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material. |
| chemical property | Any property of a substance that produces a change in the composition of matter |
| viscosity | a liquid's resistance to flowing |
| silica | a material found in magma that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon |
| pahoehoe | a hot, fast-moving type of lava that hardens to form smooth, ropelike coils |
| aa | a slow-moving type of lava that hardens to form rough chunks; cooler that pahoehoe |
| magma chamber | the pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects. |
| pipe | A long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to Earth's surface |
| vent | The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano |
| lava flow | the area covered by lava as it pours out of a volcano's vent |
| crater | a bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening |
| pyroclastic flow | The expulsion of ash, cinders, bombs, and gases during an explosive volcanic eruption |
| dormant | A volcano that is not currently active, but may become active in the future |
| extinct | A volcano that is no longer active and is unlikely to erupt again |
| shield volcano | a wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions |
| cinder cone | A steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening |
| composite volcano | a tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials |
| caldera | The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcano's magma chamber collapses. |
| volcanic neck | a deposit of hardened magma in a volcano's pipe |
| dike | a slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers |
| sill | A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between layers of rock |
| batholith | a mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust |
| geothermal activity | The heating of underground water by magma. |
| geyser | A fountain of water and steam that builds up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals. |
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