| Term | Definition |
|---|
| absolute zero | the temperature at which all molecular motion stops (0 K on the Kelvin scale or –273.16°C on the Celsius scale) |
| atmosphere of pressure | the pressure of the Earth's atmosphere at sea level; exactly equivalent to 760 mm Hg |
| Avogadro's law | the law that states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules |
| Barometer | an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure |
| Boyle's law | the law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas increases as the pressure of the gas decreases |
| Charles's law | the law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature of the gas increases |
| combined gas law | the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas |
| Gay-Lussac's law | the law that states that the volume occupied by a gas at a constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature |
| Graham's law of effusion | the law that states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas's density |
| ideal gas constant | the proportionality constant that appears in the equation of state for 1 mol of an ideal gas; R = 0.082 057 84 L · atm/mol · K |
| ideal gas law | the law that states the mathematical relationship of pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), the gas constant (R), and the number of moles of a gas (n); PV = nRT |
| millimeters of mercury | a unit of pressure |
| newton | the SI unit for force; the force that will increase the speed of a 1 kg mass by 1 m/s each second that the force is applied (abbreviation, N) |
| partial pressure | the pressure of each gas in a mixture |
| pascal | the SI unit of pressure; equal to the force of 1 N exerted over an area of 1 m2 (abbreviation, Pa) |
| pressure | the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface |
| STP | for a gas, the temperature of 0°C and the pressure 1.00 atm |
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