Greece/Rome
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Socrates | An Athenian philosopher lived from 470 BC to 399 BC Known for reasoning and the teacher of Plato Developed the Socratic Method Used reasoning and open-ended questioning |
| Plato | Wealthy and best student of Socrates Wrote down Socrates' teachings Founded the Academy Ideal state is based on the satisfaction of common good Wrote the "Republic" |
| Aristotle | Student of Plato at the Academy Founded the Lyceum Tutor of Alexander the Great Valued reasoning, family and property Ideal government = mix of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy |
| Herodotus | Founder of history First to analyze and gather historical evidence by recording the geography and culture of the places he visited Wrote "History of the Persian Wars" |
| Thycudides | Author of the History of the Peloponnesian Wars and improved Herodotus' ideas First to use unbiased writing |
| Creation of the Academy | A school that lasted for 900 years and founded by Plato Plato taught were math, science and philosophy there |
| Creation of the Lyceum | The first scientific institute and created by Aristotle |
| Death of Socrates | Athens' government accused Socrates of dishonoring the gods and corrupting young people. He was put to death in 399 BC. |
| Athens | A city-state to the west of the Aegean Sea, to the west of Asia Minor, and Northeast of Sparta Created a democratic government |
| Sparta | A city-state on the Balkan Peninsula, to the east of the Italian Peninsula, and the north of the Mediterranean Sea. Focused on military conquest |
| Sophist | A professional teacher who trained wealthy young men and focused on how to achieve political and social success rather than the nature of the physical world |
| Philosopher | A thinker who seeks wisdom, ponders questions about life and focuses on the nature and reality of the world. |
| Socratic Method | A technique developed by Socrates to make people examine their beliefs through reasoning and open-ended questioning. |
| Rhetoric | Art of public speaking |
| Democracy | A form of government governed by the citizens. Direct- citizens make decisions without going through elected officials Representative- citizens vote to elect representatives |
| Sophists vs. Philosophers | The sophists focused on reaching political and social success and did not let the students to see the truth of the world. The students learned only what they were told and they lacked the skill of reasoning. Philosophers focused on seeking the truth and nature of the world by using reasoning and open-ended questioning, allowing students to think about what is right or wrong. |
| Augustus | Emperor of the Roman Empire during Pax Romana |
| Galen | Physician during AD100's; wrote books about his medical knowledge |
| Ptolemy | Alexandrian scientist; believed that the Earth was the center of the universe |
| Virgil | Poet lived during Pax Romana that wrote the "Aeneid" |
| Diocletian | An emperor that tried to delay the fall of Rome; became emperor in AD 284 Appointed co-emperor and divided the empire into half Tied people to their jobs and farmers to their land |
| Constantine | Emperor of the Roman Empire that moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople, where there was most trade Made Christianity the official religion |
| Huns | An Asiatic tribe who lived by raiding and plundering; pushed Germans into Rome |
| Attila | Leader of the Huns; attacked Gaul in mid-400's and got defeated by the Visigoths |
| Alaric | King of the Visigoths and led his people into Rome |
| Visigoths | A tribe that captured Rome in AD 410 |
| Vandals | A fierce tribe that destroyed everything in their path |
| Constantinople | New capital of the Roman Empire; created by Constantine |
| Colosseum | An Amphitheatre where gladiator fought against wild animal and other gladiators for entertainment purposes |
| Collegia | Workers' trade associations |
| latifundia | Large estates on which empire farming was done |
| Veto | Refuse acts |
| Senate | A 300-membe group that controlled funds, decided foreign policies, and can propose a dictator. |
| Assembly | Voted laws and selected officials Included the 10 tribunes who can refuse to approve bills and acts |
| Magistrates | Officials that ruled under the name of Rome |
| Inflation | Increase in general prices resulting in a decrease in value of currency |
| Republic | A form of government in which voters elect officials to run the state |
| Consul | Officials elected for one-year terms that act as the chief executive, military commander, and can veto |
| Praetor | Helps consuls; command army during wars and watched over the legal system during peace |
| Anarchy | Lack of government |
| Local autonomy | Self-governing government |
| Roman Contributions | Government and Law: created a republic in which voters elect officials to run the government; legal terms; court system Military: soldiers of 250,000 to 300,000 guarded the frontiers; built forts for protection Trade and Transportation: created the first highway and roads that connected the whole empire Culture: Enjoyed theatre, dancers, clowns, circus, theatre; literature such as the "Aeneid" Technology: invented concrete; made contributions in medicines; weren't interested in scientific research Education/Language: children were homeschooled, created math and science terms |
| Reasons for fall of Rome | Rise of Christianity, decline in morals and values, public health, political corruption and oppressive government, unemployment, economic weakness, urban decay, inferior technology, military spending and barbarian invasions, and citizen indifference and loss of patriotism |
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