Civil Law
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Plaintiff | A person who brings charges in court. |
| Defendant | A person who is charged with a criminal act or civil wrong-doing. |
| Contract | An agreement between two or more parties(a party can be a person, a group, business, government, etc..) |
| Breach of Contract | occurs when one party fails to live up to the terms of a contract |
| Tort | A wrongful act for which an injured person has the right to sue. |
| Negligence | the trait of neglecting responsibilities and lacking concern. |
| Damages | monetary award to compensate for the loss caused by a tort. |
| Preponderance of the Evidence | Carefully studying all evidence at a trial and decides if a defendent is liable or not liable. |
| Petit Jury | A trial jury, usually consisiting of 6 or 12 people, that considers evidence at a trial and decides if the defendent is innocent or guilty. |
| Out of Court Settlement | An agreement made privately between the parties to a civil suit before a trial court decision. |
| Defendent | A person who is charged with a criminal act or civil wrong-doing. |
| Prosecutor | a government official who conducts criminal prosecutions on behalf of the state(attorney). |
| Reasonable Doubt | when a juror or jury is not 100% positive of guilt or innocence in a trial. |
| Felony | A major crime, such as murder, bank robbery, or bribery. |
| Misdemeanor | A minor crime that is usually punishable by fine or less than 1 year in jail. |
| Grand Jury | A group that hears charges against a suspect and decides whether or not there is sufficent evidence to bring the person to trial. |
| Indictment | A formal charge by a grand jury. |
| Probable Cause | reasonable cause for issuing a search warrant or making an arrest; more than mere suspicion |
| Presumption of Innocence | In the United States a person is considered not guilty until proven in a court of law. |
| Plea Bargaining | The process by which a defendent pleads guilty to a lesser crime that the one they are charged with an order to recive a lesser sentence. |
| Habeas Corpus | A legal document that requires a person to appear before a court or judge. |
| Subpoena | a court order requiring appearance and/or testimony. |
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