animal anatomy and physiology
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 glaucoma | increase in aqueous humor, its on the cornea, too much pressure in the eye |
| cataracts | is on the lens and it appears cloudy |
| sound | cranial nerve 8 |
| vision | cranial nerve 2 |
| typmpanic membrane | middle ear |
| eustacian tube | connects tympanic bulla to the pharynx |
| vitreous humor | gelatinous body behind the lens |
| anterior chamber | area in front of iris |
| posterior chamber | area behind iris |
| iop | intra ocular pressure |
| tapetum | aera where animals with no pigment , glows at nigth |
| rods | need to see light |
| cons | need to see color/detail |
| optic disc | where the optic never links the eye to the brain |
| fundus | back of the eye where the retina and optic nerve can be seen |
| ophthalmoscope | looking into the back of the eye |
| palpebra | eyelids |
| 3rd eyelid | nictitating membrane |
| peripheral nervous system | nerves extending from the spinal cord and brain to other parts of the body like muscles, intestines and the skin |
| autonomic nervous system | nerves going to various organs |
| neuron | basic until of the nervous system or |
| nerve cell body | contains nucleus and cytoplasma |
| dendrites | sensory projections which carry information to the nerve cell body |
| axon | carries impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or other target tissue |
| synapse | junction between neurons where they can communicate with each other using electrical umpulses |
| neurotransmitters | chemicals that help to conduct information between synapse |
| myelin | is fatty covering on the outside of nerves to help speed up the transmission of signals |
| gray matter | does not have myelin, on outside |
| white matter | does have myelin, on the inside |
| cerebrum | largest portion of the forebrain, important in thinking, sight, smell, and muscle control |
| gyri, sulci | ridges and depressions on the outside of the cerebrum |
| ventricles | contains cerebro-spinal fluid |
| hydrocephalus | condition where the venticles can not connect with each other and allow fluid to circulate , water on the brain |
| midbrain | white matter which serves as nerve pathways between the verebrum and other areas of the nervous system |
| hindbrain | consists of the cerebellum |
| medulla oblongata | contains reflex centers for respiration and circulatory control |
| meninges | thick membrane which cover the brain and spinal cord |
| spinal cord | white matter on the outside and grey matter on the inside |
| white matter 2 | usually functions as connection tracts and pathways between neurons and brain center |
| grey matter 2 | consists of neuronal cell bodies which are the brains of the neves |
| dorsal roots | receive input from sensory nerves |
| ventral roots | sends out signals to control motor functions |
| plexuses | formed from groups of nerves that join together to do a common factor after they have left the spinal cord |
| brachial plexus | formed from some of the cervical and thoracic nerves to help to innervate the muscles of the forelimbs |
| lumbosacral plexus | is made from nerves from the lumbar and sacral areas to innervate the pelvi limbs |
| caudo equina | narrow area resembles the end of a horse's tail |
| cranial nerve 1 | olfactory nerve, smelling |
| cranial nerve 8 | facial nerve have sensory and motor function |
| cranial nerve 10 | vagus nerve, sensory and motor function to the larynx |
| sympathetic | some nerves from the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and is regulated by epinephrine |
| parasympathetic system | neurotransmitters which regulates acetylcholine |
| reflex arch | afferent neuron and efferent neuron |
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