Apologia Biology Module 5 Version 1
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Organic molecule | A molecule that contains only carbon and any of the following: Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorous |
| Biosynthesis | The process by which living organisms produce molecules |
| Isomers | Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula |
| Monosaccharides | Simple carbohydrates that contain three to ten carbon atoms |
| Disaccharides | Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides |
| Polysaccharides | Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides |
| Dehydration reaction | A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by ejecting water |
| Hydrolysis | Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water |
| Hydrophobic | Lacking any affinity to water |
| Saturated fat | A lipid made from fatty acids which have no double bonds between carbon atoms |
| Unsaturated fat | A lipid made for fatty acids that have at least one double band between carbon atoms |
| Peptide bonds | A bond that links amino acids together in a protein |
| Hydrogen bond | A strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in specific molecules |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Model | An explanation or representation of something that can't be seen |
| Element | All atoms that contain the same number of protons |
| Molecules | Chemicals that result from atoms linking together |
| Physical change | A change that affects the appearance but not the chemical makeup of a substance |
| Chemical change | A change that alters the makeup of the elements or molecules of a substance |
| Phase | One of three forms-solid, liquid, or gas-which every substance is capable of attaining |
| Diffusion | The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Concentration | A measurement of how much substance exists within a certain volume |
| Semipermeable membrane | A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not let other molecules pass through |
| Osmosis | The tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration |
| Catalyst | A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but does not get used up in the process |
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