Flashcards: Digestive system
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Created by:
karepare on May 13, 2009
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Everest College - Massage Therapy Class of 2012, medical interpretation winter 2012, Kenston Science Olympiad, Anatomy science olympiad, ANUMS2014, Bio guru's
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 small intestine | Approx. 2.5cm wide + 7m long. Arranged in series of orderly loops. Divided into 3 parts. |
| duodenum | first 25-30cm, most chemical digestion takes place here. |
| jejunum | 3m long, absorption into the circulatory and lymph system |
| ilium | 3m long, end of small intestine |
| mesentary | Contains nerves and blood vessels, to transport materials to and from intestine. It is an outside layer that holds intestine in place to help prevent damage. |
| muscle layers | circular and longitudinal, move material by peristalsis |
| intestinal mucosa | made of folds; projecting from folds are small finger like villi which increase the surface area. |
| lacteals | Found in center of each micro villi, provides products of fat digestion |
| liver | performs more than 500 functions, production of bile, stores glycogen etc. |
| gallbladder | Stores bile until needed |
| pancreas | produces sodium bicarbonate, and many digestive enzymes. |
| large intestine | shorter than small intestine, but twice the diameter. Main use is reabsorption of water and the production of vitamin B and K. has three sections. |
| ascending colon | rises up on the right side of the abdomen |
| transverse colon | crosses middle of abdomen |
| descending colon | goes down the left side of the abdomen, and terminates at the rectum. |
| fibre | in the form of cellulose is necessary for a healthy colon. |
| mouth | Mechanical and chemical digestion begins here. Physical breakdown of food by teeth |
| gastrointestinal tract | a one-way digestive tract that makes possible the seperation of digested and undigested food. |
| tongue | forms a bolus (ball) out of the chewed food + pushes it to the back of the mouth into the pharynx |
| esophagus | inner layer called the mucosa, allows for smooth movement of food. Bolus activates stretch receptors which in turn activate smooth muscles that start peristalsis |
| peristalsis | Rhythmic, wavelike contractions |
| stomach | J-shaped - mostly involved in digestion but small amount of absorption |
| stomach mucosa | is composed of three types of cells (mucous, hydrochloric acid & enzyme) |
| mucous | protects stomach lining |
| enzymes | protein substances that speed up chemical reactions. |
| hydrochloric acid | assists in breakdown of fibrous tissue and destroys foreign organisms |
| pepsin | enzyme that breaks down proteins |
| cardiac sphinctor | Regulates movement of food into stomach and helps to prevent it from going back into the esophagus. |
| pyloric sphinctor | located between stomach and small intestine, controls the movement of partially, digested food. |
| ingestion | the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating) |
| digestion | The breakdown of complex organic molecules into smaller components by physical and chemical means |
| absorption | the taking up of digested molecules into the cells of the digestive tract |
| egestion | the removal of waste food materials from the body |
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