| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Balkans | The area of southeastern Europe where Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, etc. are located. Because of the mountainous terrain, there are many different groups here that have conflicted throughout history. World War I began due to a conflict in this region. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, conflict between these groups erupted again. |
| Benito Mussolini | Italian dictator who rose to power in the 1920's due to economic problems caused by World War I. His fascist party was militaristic and fanatically nationalistic, helping to cause World War II. |
| apartheid | South African government policy in effect from 1948 to 1994 that separated (or segregated) black South Africans and white "Afrikaners." |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| Iranian Revolution | Islamic fundamentalists overthrew the government of Iran in 1979, setting up an Islamic theocracy that was hostile to the western powers |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | Leader of the Soviet Union in the 1980's who attempted to save the crumbling Soviet economy by introducing more freedom through his policies of glasnost and perestroika, but his reforms only brought about the complete collapse of the U.S.S.R. |
| Oil | 80% of the world's reserves of oil (petroleum) is located in the Middle East, in countries like Saudi Arabia. Other countries on other continents also export oil, some of the leading ones being Russia, Nigeria and Venezuela. |
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